“…Industry has experienced a wide range of materials applied for ceramic restoration purposes; however, zirconia is mostly favorable [12,13], mainly due to the high capacity of transformation toughening which assists in preventing cracks development through the improvement of material capability of resisting localized fracture. It naturally occurs in three arrangements based on temperature; these are the monoclinic (at 25-1170℃), tetragonal (at 1170-2370℃), and cubic (at 2370℃-melting point) [14,15]. At room temperature, Zirconia in t-form offers the best mechanical characteristics of the three forms, while stabilized oxides, for example, CaO, MgO, and Y2O3, are utilized to stabilize it in this form [12,16].…”