Fabrication and characterization of adherent diamond-like carbon based thin films on polyethylene terephthalate by end hall ion beam deposition

Abstract

The application of Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has been steadily increasing during recent years. However, its low wear resistance, high gas permeation rate and poor biocompatibility have significantly limited its applications in some specific areas. On the contrary, diamond-like carbon (DLC) possesses many unique properties such as the high hardness, low friction coefficient, high transparency, good gas barrier, excellent biocompatibility, and low synthesis temperature, which makes it an ideal coating material for modifying the surfaces of PET for applications as food and beverage containers and biomedical implants. Nevertheless, the adhesion of DLC on PET is poor due to the high stress induced by ion bombardment during DLC deposition and the large mechanical property mismatch between the coating and the substrate. Therefore, it is very important to develop techniques to lower the stress of DLC and to enhance the adhesion strength of DLC to PET.In the present thesis work, low energy end-hall (EH) ion source and element (N and Si) doping were used to deposit DLC to lower its internal stress and ion beam treatment was performed to modify the surface of PET to enhance the adhesion between DLC and PET. In addition, two different hydrocarbon gases (CH 4 and C 2 H 2 ) were used as precursors for DLC deposition in order to understand the effect of precursor gas. The structure and properties of the treated PET and deposited DLC films were characterized by various advanced techniques: The adhesion of DLC to PET was assessed using scratch testing; the composition and bonding states of DLC and treated PET were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS); the hardness and Young's modulus were measured by nano-indentation; the tribological properties of the coated materials were evaluated by pin-on-disk sliding testing; and the surface tomography and surface roughness were investigated by atomic force microscopy and N forms sp 3 C-N and sp 2 C=N bonds in the films. Consequently, the hardness values decrease from 11.5 GPa for pure DLC to 7.0 GPa for N-DLC samples whereas the hardness of Si-DLC increases with increasing the silicon content. In addition, N doping can reduce residual stress of DLC and thus increases adhesion of DLC. The DLC films deposited using methane show better properties than using acetylene. By optimizing the conditions, dense, smooth, and adhesive DLC films have been deposited onto PET using EH ion source by combining N doping and O ion treatment with methane as precursor gas.iv AKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Physicochemical and Biological Activity Analysis of Low-Density Polyethylene Substrate Modified by Multi-Layer Coatings Based on DLC Structures, Obtained Using RF CVD Method

“…This is why surface modification of polyethylene is required to increase the surface free energy, which corresponds to a decrease of contact angle. In addition, it is very beneficial for many applications to obtain protective and gas barrier coatings (based on DLC structure) as well as obtaining the most biocompatible surfaces (based on DLC and chitosan structures) on the polymeric substrate [7,9,[14][15][16]. DLC layers are characterized by high hardness (up to 30 GPa) and a high Young's modulus, but usually also high internal stresses (up to 7 GPa).…”

Effect of TiN/C Microstructure Composite Layer on the Adhesion of FDLC Film onto Silicon Substrate

“…Highly pure carbon (99.99%) was the target material, and CH 4 and CF 4 were the source gases, at a flow of 40 sccm. Ar was the working gas at a flow of 10 sccm.…”

“…Hence, DLC film is widely applied in mechanical engineering, electronic engineering, military equipment, aerospace, and biomedicine [1][2][3][4][5]. Fluorinated diamond-like carbon (FDLC) film is modified materials that are based on the DLC film.…”

Corrosion and wear behaviors of Si-DLC films coated on inner surface of SS304 pipes by hollow cathode PECVD

“…Figure 6 displays the C1s and Si2p XPS spectra obtained from the Si-DLC films. The C1s spectrum could be deconvoluted into four corresponding peaks at 287.2 ± 0.2 eV, 285.2 ± 0.2 eV, 284.8 ± 0.1 eV and 283.8 ± 0.1 eV, assigned to C=O, C-C (sp 3 ), C=C (sp 2 ) and Si-C bonding, respectively [31].…”