Fabrication and characterization of Al-SUS316L composite materials manufactured by the spark plasma sintering process

et al. 2019

Materials

Self Cite

In this research, we successfully fabricate high-hardness and lightweight Al-Ti composites. Al-Ti composites powders with three compositions (Al-20, 50, and 80 vol.% Ti) are mixed using ball milling and subsequently subjected to spark plasma sintering (SPS). The microstructures and phases of the Al-Ti composites are characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy, and field emission-electron probe microanalysis (FE-EPMA). These tests confirm the presence of several intermetallic compounds (ICs) (Al3Ti, Al5Ti2, Al11Ti5) in the composites, and we are able to confirm that these ICs are produced by the reaction of Al and Ti during the SPS process. Furthermore, thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) is used to analyze the formation behavior of the ICs. In addition, the mechanical properties of the composites are measured using their Vickers hardness and it is observed that the Al-80 vol.% Ti composite exhibits the highest hardness. Consequently, it is assumed that SPS is suitable for fabricating Al-Ti composites which represent the next-generation materials to be used in various industrial fields as high-hardness and lightweight materials.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior of Intermetallic Compounds of Al-Ti Composite Manufactured by Spark Plasma Sintering

et al. 2019

Materials

Self Cite

“…After ball milling, the composite powder was charged in a WC-Co mold with a mold size of ø 10 mm in vacuum about 1.6 Pa and spark plasma sintered at 630 °C. Subsequently, it was held for 5 min and then pressed at 200 MPa (Fuji Electronic Industrials Co., Ltd., SPS-321Lx, Saitama, Japan) [16].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bend strength of 1327 MPa and microhardness of 434 [15] were observed. In our previous research [16], we have successfully investigated the Al-X vol.% SUS316L (X = 20, 50, 80) composites fabricated by mechanical ball milling and SPS in the solid state. The Al-50 vol.% SUS316L composite has the highest value of the Vickers hardness (approximately 630 HV).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semisolid State Sintering Behavior of Aluminum–Stainless Steel 316L Composite Materials by Powder Metallurgy

et al. 2019

Materials

Self Cite

Aluminum (Al)-stainless steel 316L (SUS316L) composites were successfully fabricated by the spark plasma sintering process (SPS) using pure Al and SUS316L powders as raw materials. The Al-SUS316L composite powder comprising Al with 50 vol.% of SUS316L was prepared by a ball milling process. Subsequently, it was sintered at 630 °C at a pressure of 200 MPa and held for 5 min in a semisolid state. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns show that intermetallic compounds such as Al13Fe4 and AlFe3 were created in the Al-SUS316L composite because the Al and SUS316L particles reacted together during the SPS process. The presence of these intermetallic compounds was also confirmed by using XRD, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and EDS mapping. The mechanical hardness of the Al-SUS316L composites was analyzed by a Vickers hardness tester. Surprisingly, the Al-SU316L composite exhibited a Vickers hardness of about 620 HV. It can be concluded that the Al-SUS316L composites fabricated by the SPS process are lightweight and high-hardness materials that could be applied in the engineering industry such as in automobiles, aerospace, and shipbuilding.

“…In particular, aluminum is generally used to realize lightweight in materials. Therefore, aluminum has been used in the form of an alloy by adding other elements by many researchers, such as Al-Stainless steel (SUS) composite and Al-carbon nanotubes (CNT) composite [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Functionally Graded Materials Using Aluminum Alloys via Hot Extrusion

Chang³

et al. 2019

Metals

Self Cite

In this study, we have attempted to manufacture functionally graded materials (FGMs) using aluminum alloys 3003 and 6063 via a hot extrusion process to realize multifunctionality through achieving high strength and low weight. The FGMs were fabricated using Al3003 powder and Al6063 bulk to improve the interfacial properties. Particle size analysis and X-ray fluorescence of the Al3003 powder were used to analyze the composition of general Al3003; microstructure analysis revealed improved hardness with almost no defects, such as cracks at the interface between the two materials. The experimentally determined tensile strength of the composite was observed to be higher than the theoretical value calculated using the rule of mixtures; the strengthening mechanisms considered for the calculations were grain size reduction and precipitation hardening. In particular, we attempted to predict the strengthening effect resulting from the fine grain size of the powder and grain size reduction due to the extrusion process using the Hall–Petch equation. The Kelly–Tyson equation was also used to calculate the theoretical strength in the presence of the strengthening phases. Based on these results, it was confirmed that FGMs can be successfully produced using the hot extrusion process.