We report the fabrication and characterization of a heterojunction diode with a MgZnO/ZnO structure grown on a GaN/Al 2 O 3 substrate. A radio frequency sputtering method was employed to achieve a high Mg composition in the MgZnO alloy layer, whereas the ZnO layer was epitaxially grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The MgZnO/ZnO-based heterojunction diode exhibited rectifying currentvoltage (I−V) characteristics under both forward and reverse bias. However, white electroluminescence (EL) emission was observed only under high forward bias. To understand these phenomena, we thoroughly investigated the I−V characteristics of the heterojunction diode, which revealed that the tunneling of holes through the MgZnO barrier is an important mechanism for EL emission. In particular, the Fowler-Nordheim (FN) tunneling of holes is mainly responsible for EL emission under high forward bias. An explanatory schematic of the band diagram based on the I−V characteristics suggests that the EL emission is primarily attributed to the injection of holes via FN tunneling through the MgZnO barrier. This study provides a potential application for optoelectronic devices using MgZnO/ZnO-based heterostructures as ZnO-based light emitters.