Fabrication and Characterization of Flexible Three-Phase ZnO-Graphene-Epoxy Electro-Active Thin-Film Nanocomposites: Towards Applications in Wearable Biomedical Devices

Abstract

<jats:p>Perovskite oxides have been used as sensors, actuators, transducers, for sound generation and detection, and also in optical instruments and microscopes. Perovskite halides are currently considered as optoelectronic devices such as solar cells, photodetectors, and radiation detection, but there are major issues with stability, interfacial recombination, and electron/hole mobility. The following work looks into the fabrication of non-toxic ZnO-based lead-free alternatives to perovskite oxides for use as secondary sensors or electron transport layers along with perovskite halides for application in stacked biomedical wearable devices. Three-phase, lead-free, Zinc Oxide-Graphene-Epoxy electroactive nanocomposite thin films were fabricated. The volume fraction of the Graphene phase was held constant at 10%, while the volume fraction of the ZnO phase was varied from 10–70%. The dielectric constant, capacitance, impedance, resistance, and conductance of the samples were measured using an impedance analyzer, and the results were compared as a function of volume fraction of ZnO to understand the electron transport performance of these thin films. The impedance and dielectric spectra of the nanocomposites were recorded over a frequency range of 20 Hz to 10 MHz. The microstructural properties and cross-section of the thin films were analyzed using a Scanning Electron Microscope. The high sensitivity and electron transport properties of the composite could be potentially utilized in biomedical devices at low- and high-frequency ranges.</jats:p>

Multifunctional epoxy nanocomposites reinforced by two-dimensional materials: A review

“…Additionally, 2D materials with low electrical conductivities such as BN and TMDCs display obvious advantages towards inhibiting the galvanic corrosion of epoxy coatings. biodegradable or biocompatible materials [219,220] and biomedical systems [221,222].…”

Graphene, Graphene-Derivatives and Composites: Fundamentals, Synthesis Approaches to Applications

“…Researches on the thin graphene nanoparticles sheets having large surface area but lesser thickness has revealed that they impart better tensile, flexural strength, morphological and other thermal properties and boosts the performance efficiency of the final composites [194][195][196][197][198][199][200]. Three phase, lead-free, ZnO-graphene-epoxy electroactive nanocomposite thin films has been synthesized to serve as a replacement to toxic perovskite oxides traditionally used in sensors, actuators and biomedical wearable devices [201][202][203]. Graphene has also been used as templates to grow metal oxides on it as described in literature [204][205][206].…”