“…In recent years pneumatic artificial muscle (PAM), as a kind of lightweight, low-cost and efficient actuator, has attracted worldwide attentions [18]. Wereley et al [19,20] employed PAM and millimeter scale PAM for actuators of morphing structure and small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), respectively, due to small size characteristics millimeter scale PAM could be better applied in the small and micro UAV, miniature robot [21][22][23][24]. Larry et al [25], also in 2013, created a shape-changing panel with embedded McKibben-like into neat elastomer.…”