Fabrication and Characterization of New Functional Graded Material Based on Ti, Ta, and Zr by Powder Metallurgy Method

Abstract

In view of the aging population and various diseases worldwide, the demand for implants has been rapidly increasing. Despite the efforts of doctors, engineers, and medical companies, the fabrication of and procedures associated with implants have not yet been perfected. Therefore, a high percentage of premature implantations has been observed. The main problem with metal implants is the mechanical mismatch between human bone and the implant material. Zirconium/titanium-based materials with graded porosity and composition were prepared by powder metallurgy. The whole samples are comprised of three zones, with a radial gradient in the phase composition, microstructure, and pore structure. The samples were prepared by a three-step powder metallurgy method. The microstructure and properties were observed to change gradually with the distance from the center of the sample. The x-ray diffraction analysis and microstructure observation confirmed the formation of diffusive connections between the particular areas. Additionally, the mechanical properties of the obtained materials were checked, with respect to the distance from the center of the sample. An analysis of the corrosion properties of the obtained materials was also carried out.

Influence of Hafnium Addition on the Microstructure, Microhardness and Corrosion Resistance of Ti20Ta20Nb20(ZrMo)20−xHfx (where x = 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 at.%) High Entropy Alloys

“…The manufacturing method directly determines the structure and properties of the produced materials. Methods such as powder metallurgy or mechanical alloying could contribute to obtaining materials, for example, with controlled grains sizes (TiTaZr gradient porosity materials) or refined grain structures to improve mechanical properties of alloys (NiCoMnIn magnetic shape memory alloys) [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. It has been revealed that novel materials containing more than two alloying elements, such as ternary, quaternary, etc., alloys, also exhibit single-phase structures and better properties, i.e., mechanical properties, compared to conventional binary materials [ 4 ].…”

Functionally graded AZ91/WC nanocomposite fabricated via friction stir processing using a novel way

“…These methods have seen improvements in design, development, and uses to overcome challenges encountered by traditional methods. Various fabrication processes are centrifugal casting [10], powder metallurgy (PM) [11], solid free foam (SFF) [12], physical and chemical vapor deposition (PVD/CVD) [13], 3D printing [14], electrophoretic deposition (EPD) [15], and friction stir processing (FSP) [16], etc.…”