Fabrication and Characterization of Submicron Scale Spherical RDX, HMX, and CL-20 without Soft Agglomeration

Jia, Xiaoqing; Wei, Lixin; Li, Xuewen; Li, Chao; Geng, Xin; Fu, Mingming; Wang, Jingyu; Hou, Conghua; Xu, Jing

doi:10.1155/2019/7394762

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Currently, industrial RDX shows a coarse surface, considerable internal defects, and poor dispersion [ 4 , 5 ], which reduces charging density and increases sensitivity during practical applications. To meet the requirements of high energy, low sensitivity, and high environmental adaptability, various modified methods, including refinement [ 6 ], coating particles with binder [ 7 ], and spheroidizing [ 8 ], have been applied to effectively reduce the sensitivity of nitroamine explosive. Coating treatment is widely utilized to modify RDX, due to its advantages of controlling the agglomeration of particles, improving dispersion, enhancing combustion characteristics, and realizing multi-functional composite particles [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yao et al [ 11 ] successfully prepared RDX/F2604 composite particles by electrospray assembly technology, which possess lower impact sensitivity and friction sensitivity compared with that of raw RDX. In order to increase the heat release of composite particles, aluminum particles are also added to composite particles while covering [ 8 , 18 ]. Although much progress has been achieved in the field of RDX coating, there are still many challenges, such as the uniformity of the coating layer, the firmness of the coating layer, adjustments to the morphology of particles while coating, and the reduction in sensitivity without sacrificing energy density.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation of Core-Shell-Structured RDX@PVDF Microspheres with Improved Thermal Stability and Decreased Mechanical Sensitivity

Wu¹,

Jiang²,

et al. 2022

Polymers

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Reducing the sensitivity of high-energy simple explosives is the key technology in improving the practical application of high-energy insensitive powder. As the most widely used high-energy explosive, hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) is limited in application due to its high sensitivity. In this work, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) was used as an energetic binder. Core-shell-structured RDX@PVDF microspheres are produced using electrospray assembly technology and fully characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and mechanical sensitivity. Their thermal stability and mechanical sensitivity are directly related to the weight fraction of the added PVDF. Moreover, core-shell-structured RDX@PVDF microspheres with RDX and PVDF in the proportion three to one possess a spherical-like morphology, the lowest impact sensitivity, the lowest friction sensitivity, and the highest thermal stability. This work provides a facile method for the positive design energetic materials and the prediction of their environmental adaptability.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Core-Shell-Structured RDX@PVDF Microspheres with Improved Thermal Stability and Decreased Mechanical Sensitivity

Wu¹,

Jiang²,

et al. 2022

Polymers

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“…Results show that the superfine CL-20 particles obtained with low-density grinding balls are spherical, its mechanical sensitivity is significantly reduced, its thermal stability is better than raw CL-20, and the polymorph remains ε type. Jia and Wang [16,17] used a spray drying-assisted self-assembly (SDAS) technology to prepare submicron CL-20. The impact sensitivity of CL-20 refined by SDAS is 31.1 m, and the probability of friction explosion is reduced to 80%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of Spherical Submicron CL-20 by Siphon Spray Refinement

Xing

Yao

et al. 2020

Journal of Nanomaterials

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In order to improve the safety of hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane , submicron CL-20 particles were prepared by a siphon ultrasonic-assisted spray refining experimental device. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the impact sensitivity of the samples was tested.The results show that the particle size of siphon-refined CL-20 is about 800 nm~1 μm, which is more smooth, mellow, and dense than that of CL-20 prepared by a traditional pressure-refined method. The peak diffraction angle of pressure-and siphon-refined CL-20 is basically the same as that of raw CL-20, and their crystal forms are ε type. The peak strength of pressure-and siphon-refined CL-20 decreased obviously. The apparent activation energy of pressure-refined CL-20 and siphon-refined CL-20 is 13.3 kJ/mol and 11.95 kJ/mol higher than that of raw CL-20, respectively. The thermal stability of CL-20 is improved. The activation enthalpy (ΔH # ) is significantly higher than that of raw CL-20, and the characteristic drop is 70.4% and 82.7% higher than that of raw CL-20. The impact sensitivity of siphon-refined CL-20 is lower than that of pressure-refined CL-20, so the safety performance of an explosive is improved obviously.

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Fabrication and performance characterization of NTO/HMX spherical composite explosives with improved safety performance.

Wu,

Li,

Liu

et al. 2024

Propellants Explo Pyrotec

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Improving the energy density and safety of explosives are crucial for developing composite energetic materials. In this study, a facile and continuous spray drying granulation technique was used to obtain NTO/HMX composite explosives with insensitive NTO as coating material. The micro‐morphology, particle size, crystallographic structure, exothermic decomposition, impact sensitivity, and detonation performance of NTO/HMX composite explosives with different NTO contents were investigated by various experimental methods. The test results indicate that the higher the NTO content, the better the crystal integrity of HMX and the lower the mechanical sensitivity of NTO/HMX composite explosives. When the mass ratio of NTO and HMX is 25 : 75, NTO/HMX composite explosives have a good spherical density structure formed by the aggregation of nanoparticles, small particle sizes with a median size of 1.22 μm, and a uniform distribution of particle sizes in the range of 0.3–2.8 μm. The addition of NTO not only enhances the thermal decomposition of HMX but also significantly decreases mechanical sensitivity. The composite explosives had not altered the raw NTO and HMX crystallographic structures (β‐type). With the same ratio (25 : 75), NTO/HMX composite explosives (25 : 75) possess higher impact energy and friction force, better safety, and better thermal stability than physical mixtures. Additionally, the high‐energy insensitive composite microspheres preserve the important high‐energy properties of HMX while effectively enhancing its safety characteristics, which have the advantages of controllable crystallographic micromorphology, high energy, and excellent impact sensibility and could be broadly applicable in the field of munitions.

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Fabrication and Characterization of Submicron Scale Spherical RDX, HMX, and CL-20 without Soft Agglomeration

Cited by 14 publications

References 20 publications

Preparation of Core-Shell-Structured RDX@PVDF Microspheres with Improved Thermal Stability and Decreased Mechanical Sensitivity

Preparation of Core-Shell-Structured RDX@PVDF Microspheres with Improved Thermal Stability and Decreased Mechanical Sensitivity

Preparation and Characterization of Spherical Submicron CL-20 by Siphon Spray Refinement

Fabrication and performance characterization of NTO/HMX spherical composite explosives with improved safety performance.

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