Fabrication and Characterization of Waste Wood Cellulose Fiber/Graphene Nanoplatelet Carbon Papers for Application as Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Materials

Abstract

Waste wood contains large amounts of cellulose fibers that have outstanding mechanical properties. These fibers can be recycled and converted into highly valuable materials of waste wood. In this study, waste wood cellulose fiber/graphene nanoplatelet (WWCF/GnP) papers were prepared according to the WWCF and GnP contents. Subsequently, the WWCF/GnP papers were varyingly carbonized for their application as electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials such as state-of-the-art electronic equipment malfunction prevention, chip-level microsystem, and micro intersystem noise suppression/reduction. The increase in the GnP content and carbonization temperature enhanced electrical conductivity, thereby generating a greater EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) in the high-frequency X-band. Additionally, the thickness of the WWCF/GnP carbon papers improved the electrical conductivity and EMI SE values. The electrical conductivity of the WWCF/GnP-15 carbon paper obtained at carbonization temperature of 1300 °C was approximately 5.86 S/m, leading to an EMI SE value of 43 decibels (dB) at 10.5 GHz for one sheet. Furthermore, overlapping of the three sheets increased the electrical conductivity to 7.02 S/m, leading to an EMI SE value of 72.5 dB at 10.5 GHz. Thus, we isolated WWCFs, without completely removing contaminants, for recycling and converting them into highly valuable EMI shielding materials.

Electromagnetic-Interference-Shielding Effectiveness of Lyocell-Based Carbon Fabrics Carbonized at Various Temperatures

“…Notably, (002) lattice diffraction peak patterns were clear. These two peaks at 24 and 43° indicate the development of the graphitic crystalline structures [ 15 , 19 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ]. In Figure 1 a, with an increase in carbonization temperature to 900 °C, 1100 °C, and 1300 °C, the full width at half-maximum (FWHM) values at 2 θ values of 24° decreased to 8.09, 7.28, and 6.59°, while the intensities of these respective peaks increased.…”

“…In recent times, carbon-based materials have been widely introduced as suitable EMI-shielding materials owing to their light-weight, non-corrosiveness, and chemical stability, as well as their high electrical and thermal conductivities. Graphenes, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphites, and carbon fibers have been extensively researched in EMI shielding applications by their use as conductive additives in foams, composites, sponges, papers, and aerogel [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Among them, carbon fibers with high aspect ratios have been widely used as EMI shields; specifically, such materials have mainly been studied for integration in carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers or metal-coated carbon-fiber-reinforced composites obtained after cutting carbon fibers [ 23 , 24 , 25 ].…”

Research Progress with Membrane Shielding Materials for Electromagnetic/Radiation Contamination

“…Therefore, various parameters and properties, as well as the correlation among many factors and the performance response mechanism, should be comprehensively considered when developing membrane shielding materials. Cellulose was anticipated to have a very important role in the preparation of shielding materials because the world was turning toward sustainable and renewable materials, and cellulose and its derivatives have important characteristics such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, high surface area, molecular polarization, switchable hydrogen bonding, and low cost [ 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ]. The introduction of different types of nanomaterials improves the properties of cellulose and its derivatives.…”

“…However, with the rapid pace of technological development, the above-mentioned membrane shielding materials can no longer meet the problem of electromagnetic/radiation pollution caused by many types of modern technological devices. Therefore, more researchers have devoted themselves to the exploration of membrane shielding materials to protect humans and their environment, and these efforts have expanded to the preparation of many new membrane-based shielding materials, such as the use of 3D printing design [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ], as well as the development of MXene-based [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ], carbon-based [ 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ], iron-based [ 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ], cellulose-based [ 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ], and lead-free materials [ 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 ]. The traditional electromagnetic/radiation shielding method was to directly blend conductive fillers to improve the shielding performance [ 61 ], especially in the field of electromagnetic radiation shielding.…”

Carbon Papers from Tall Goldenrod Cellulose Fibers and Carbon Nanotubes for Application as Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Materials

“…Therefore, carbon materials have recently received attention as alternative EMI shielding materials. Carbon materials possess several advantages, such as high electrical conductivity, thermal stability, corrosion resistance, light weight, cost effectiveness, and low density [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”