Fabrication and characterizations of simvastatin-containing mesoporous bioactive glass and molybdenum disulfide scaffold for bone tissue engineering

Abstract

Due to the limitations of the current treatment approaches of allograft and autograft techniques, treating bone disorders is a significant challenge. To address these shortcomings, a novel biomaterial composite is required. This study presents the preparation and fabrication of a novel biomaterial composite scaffold that combines poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG), molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), and simvastatin (Sim) to address the limitations of current bone grafting techniques of autograft and allograft. The fabricated scaffold of PLGA–MBG–MoS2–Sim composites was developed using a low-cost hydraulic press and salt leaching method, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis confirmed the scaffolds have a pore size between 143 and 240 μm. The protein adsorption for fabricated scaffolds was increased at 24 h. The water adsorption and retention studies showed significant results on the PLGA–MBG–MoS2–Sim composite scaffold. The biodegradation studies of the PLGA–MBG–MoS2–Sim composite scaffold have shown 54% after 28 days. In vitro, bioactivity evaluation utilizing simulated body fluid studies confirmed the development of bone mineral hydroxyapatite on the scaffolds, which was characterized using x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, and SEM analysis. Furthermore, the PLGA–MBG–MoS2–Sim composite scaffold is biocompatible with C3H10T1/2 cells and expresses more alkaline phosphatase and mineralization activity. Additionally, in vivo research showed that PLGA–MBG–MoS2–Sim stimulates a higher rate of bone regeneration. These findings highlight the fabricated PLGA–MBG–MoS2–Sim composite scaffold presents a promising solution for the limitations of current bone grafting techniques.