Fabrication and full characterization of state-of-the-art quantum dot luminescent solar concentrators

Bomm, Jana; Büchtemann, A.; Chatten, Amanda J.; Bose, Rahul; Farrell, Daniel; Chan, Ngai Lam Alvin; Xiao, Ye; Slooff, L.H.; Meyer, Toby; Meyer, Andreas; Sark, W.G.J.H.M. van; Koole, Rolf

doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2011.02.027

Cited by 170 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…For example, visible emitting core-shell (CdSe/ZnS) QDs have demonstrated fluorescence quantum yield up to 84% [10] and NIRemitting PbS quantum dots in the range of 12%-81% [11]. However, conversion efficiency of QDSCs developed to date [12][13][14][15] has been limited, firstly by, the low fluorescence quantum yield of the commercially available visible-emitting QDs [16] and NIR-emitting QDs [17,18]. Secondly, the devices suffer from re-absorption losses at higher concentrations of QDs [19][20][21] due to significant, or even in some cases total, overlap of the absorption and primary emission spectra.…”

Section: Quantum Dot Solar Concentrators (Qdsc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced quantum dot emission for luminescent solar concentrators using plasmonic interaction

Chandra¹,

Doran²,

McCormack

et al. 2012

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

106

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a b s t r a c tPlasmonic excitation enhanced fluorescence of CdSe/ZnS core-shell quantum dots (QDs) in the presence of Au nanoparticles (NPs) has been studied for application in quantum dot solar concentrator (QDSC) devices. We observe that there is an optimal concentration of Au NPs that gives a maximum 53% fluorescence emission enhancement for the particular QD/Au NP composite studied. The optimal concentration depends on the coupling and spacing between neighboring QDs and Au NPs. We show the continuous transition from fluorescence enhancement to quenching, depending on Au NP concentration. The locally enhanced electromagnetic field induced by the surface plasmon resonance in the Au NPs leads to an increased excitation rate for the QDs. This is evidenced by excitation wavelength dependent fluorescence enhancement, where the locally enhanced field around the Au NPs is more pronounced close to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) wavelength. However, at higher concentrations of Au NPs non-radiative energy transfer from the QDs to the Au NPs particles leads to a decrease of the emission, which is confirmed by detection of both a double exponential lifetime decay in, and a decrease in the lifetime of the QDs. The overall fluorescence emission enhancement depends on these competing effects; increased excitation rate and non-radiative energy transfer.

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Section: Quantum Dot Solar Concentrators (Qdsc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced quantum dot emission for luminescent solar concentrators using plasmonic interaction

Chandra¹,

Doran²,

McCormack

et al. 2012

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

106

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“…1 High efficiencies are especially important for application of QDs as luminescent biolabels, 2 in QD lasers, 3 in spectral converters for warm white LEDs, 4,5 electroluminescent devices, 6 and solar concentrators. 7 Luminescence efficiencies are strongly temperature-dependent. 8 Extensive temperature-dependent luminescence studies for colloidal QDs have been conducted at cryogenic temperatures (0.3À300 K).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Temperature Luminescence Quenching of Colloidal Quantum Dots

et al. 2012

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A high luminescence efficiency is an important property of colloidal quantum dots (QDs), and quantum yields higher than 90% have been reported for coreÀshell QDs. 1 High efficiencies are especially important for application of QDs as luminescent biolabels, 2 in QD lasers, 3 in spectral converters for warm white LEDs, 4,5 electroluminescent devices, 6 and solar concentrators. 7 Luminescence efficiencies are strongly temperature-dependent. 8 Extensive temperature-dependent luminescence studies for colloidal QDs have been conducted at cryogenic temperatures (0.3À300 K). 9À15 In this temperature region, interesting effects were observed, including a prolonged lifetime below 20 K related to brightÀdark state splitting, 11,16 thermally activated quenching due to surface defect states, 9,10,17 and temperature antiquenching assigned to a phase transition in the capping layer. 14,15 However, the luminescence properties of QDs above room temperature (RT) are hardly investigated, and yet, for most applications in luminescent devices, the working temperature is higher than 300 K. An interesting example is the recent application of QDs as color converters in warm-white LEDs, 18 in which QDs serve as narrow band red emitters under excitation with blue light from a (In,Ga)N LED. The narrow emission bandwidth renders QDs superior to classical phosphors based on broad band emission from luminescent ions. 19 In high-power LEDs for general lighting applications, the heat generated in the pÀn junction and phosphor converter layer leads to temperatures as high as 150À200°C in the layer applied on top of the blue diode. 20 To avoid these high temperatures, the QD phosphor layer can be placed in a more remote configuration. Still, temperatures in such a configuration are expected to be well above 50°C due to heat dissipation of the QDs themselves (excess energy from converting the blue into red light). Clearly, the quenching of QD luminescence at elevated temperatures is relevant for application of QDs in luminescent devices, and a better insight in the quenching behavior is needed.Despite its importance, research on luminescence temperature quenching above RT is very limited for QDs. It is theoretically expected for a QD to have a very high luminescence quenching temperature (T q ). Three generally accepted mechanisms for thermal quenching involve thermally activated crossover from the excited state to the ground state, multiphonon relaxation, and thermally activated photoionization. The first mechanism is generally depicted in a simple configurational coordinate diagram. 8,21 The energy difference between the minimum * Address correspondence to a.meijerink@uu.nl.Received for review July 18, 2012 and accepted September 14, 2012. Published online 10.1021/nn303217qABSTRACT Thermal quenching of quantum dot (QD) luminescence is important for application in luminescent devices. Systematic studies of the quenching behavior above 300 K are, however, lacking. Here, high-temperature (300À500 K) luminescence studies are reported for highly ef...

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“…Bomm et al [24] have addressed several problems regarding incorporation of QDs in an organic polymer matrix, viz. phase separation, agglomeration of particles leading to turbid plates, and luminescence quenching due to exciton energy transfer.…”

Section: State-of-the-art Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Luminescent solar concentrators – A low cost photovoltaics alternative

Sark

2013

Renewable Energy

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Abstract. Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) are being developed as a potentially low cost-per-Wp photovoltaic device, suited for applications especially in the built environment. LSCs generally consist of transparent polymer sheets doped with luminescent species, either organic dye molecules or semiconductor nanocrystals. Direct and diffuse incident sunlight is absorbed by the luminescent species and emitted at redshifted wavelengths with high quantum efficiency. Optimum design ensures that a large fraction of emitted light is trapped in the sheet, which travels to the edges where it can be collected by one or more mono-or bifacial solar cells, with minimum losses due to absorption in the sheet and re-absorption by the luminescent species. Today's record efficieny is 7%, however, 10-15% is within reach. Optimized luminescent solar concentrators potentially offer lower cost per unit of power compared to conventional solar cells. Moreover, LSCs have an increased conversion efficiency for overcast and cloudy sky conditions, having a large fraction of diffuse irradiation, which is blueshifted compared to clear sky conditions. As diffuse irradiation conditions are omnipresent throughout mid-and northern-European countries, annual performance of LSCs is expected to be better in terms of kWh/Wp compared to conventional PV.

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Fabrication and full characterization of state-of-the-art quantum dot luminescent solar concentrators

Cited by 170 publications

References 34 publications

Enhanced quantum dot emission for luminescent solar concentrators using plasmonic interaction

Enhanced quantum dot emission for luminescent solar concentrators using plasmonic interaction

High-Temperature Luminescence Quenching of Colloidal Quantum Dots

Luminescent solar concentrators – A low cost photovoltaics alternative

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