Fabrication and leakage current and ferroelectric characteristics of multiferroic Fe₃O₄/(Bi_3.25Nd_0.65Eu_0.10)Ti₃O₁₂composite thin films with Fe₃O₄magnetic electrodes micropatterned by reactive ion etching

Abstract

Regardless of the deposition time (30–90 min), almost single-phase magnetite (Fe3O4) films with a cubic inverse-spinel structure were produced at a substrate temperature of 500 °C by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The Fe3O4/(Bi3.25Nd0.65Eu0.10)Ti3O12 (BNEuT) composite film deposited at 500 °C for 90 min by MOCVD exhibited excellent room-temperature magnetic properties, such as a saturation magnetization of 480 emu/cm3, a residual magnetization of 160 emu/cm3, and a coercivity of 297 Oe. Ferromagnetic Fe3O4 electrodes micropatterned using a combination of photolithography and reactive ion etching were fabricated after MOCVD, and their structural, leakage current, and ferroelectric characteristics were investigated. The room-temperature leakage current density–applied electric field and polarization–electric field (P–E) characteristics of the composite films were successfully measured using Fe3O4 electrodes. The room-temperature P–E hysteresis loop for a sample with the structure Fe3O4/BNEuT/Nb:TiO2/Ti had a relatively good shape, with a remanent polarization of 8 µC/cm2 and a coercive field of 193 kV/cm.

Origin of Enhancement of Orbital Magnetic Moment in SiO2-Coated Fe3O4 Nanocomposites Studied by X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism

“…These numbers correspond to the 400 Oe values that were observed for Fe 3 O 4 particulate films in the same sequence. One also improves the magnetic properties by anchoring hydrophobic SiO 2 for the surface engineering of Fe 3 O 4 . , However, the SiO 2 @Fe 3 O 4 nanocomposites that could enhance the orbital magnetic moment have not yet been clearly understood.…”

“…In contrast to the bulk value of 126 Oe, the thin film value of 50 Oe, and the value of 65 Oe for a microfabricated Fe 3 O 4 thin film, Fe 3 O 4 NPs prepared using this approach had an H c as high as 900 Oe at room temperature (RT) . These numbers correspond to the 400 Oe values that were observed for Fe 3 O 4 particulate films in the same sequence. One also improves the magnetic properties by anchoring hydrophobic SiO 2 for the surface engineering of Fe 3 O 4 . , However, the SiO 2 @Fe 3 O 4 nanocomposites that could enhance the orbital magnetic moment have not yet been clearly understood.…”

“…One also improves the magnetic properties by anchoring hydrophobic SiO 2 for the surface engineering of Fe 3 O 4 . 2,28 However, the SiO 2 @Fe 3 O 4 nanocomposites that could enhance the orbital magnetic moment have not yet been clearly understood.…”

Self‐biased magnetoelectric composite for energy harvesting

“…The addition of a buffer layer between ME layers effectively relieves the stress or the limiting effect of the substrate on deformation 115,173 . Moreover, the influence of substrate stiffness and attached electrodes on device performance must be considered 174,175 …”

“…115,173 Moreover, the influence of substrate stiffness and attached electrodes on device performance must be considered. 174,175…”