Fabrication and photocatalytic property of MoOx nano-particle films from Mo target by laser ablation at ambient conditions

Effects of Sintering Temperature on MoOx Target and Film

“…By comparing the thickness uniformity of the sputtered films, the film-forming property was evaluated. Normally, the film-forming property has a close relationship with the density, grain size, and composition of the targets [4,5,22]. Thus, the inhomogeneities of MoO x led to the confusion of electromagnetic fields and the uneven distribution of plasma density.…”

“…Lin et al [21] used MoO 3 ceramic targets with a 6% O 2 /Ar flow rate to prepare MoO x films with high transparency and an optical band gap. Hong et al [22] manufactured MoO x nanoparticle films through laser ablation from molybdenum targets at ambient conditions. Gretener et al [23] prepared thin MoO x films by reactive sputtering in a mixed oxygen-argon atmosphere with a metallic Mo target or a ceramic MoO 3 target.…”

Synthesis and photothermal performance of non-stoichiometric molybdenum oxide (MoO3−x) prepared by gamma radiation

“…With an increase in the concentration of H • radicals, it is possible to verify the exfoliation of the structure and the formation of sub-oxide MoO 3−x and water (eqn (11)). Other mechanisms involve direct reduction, with the evolution of hydrogen from hydrated electrons.…”

“…7–9 Among the reported strategies under milder conditions, there is the hydrothermal synthesis ‘sauna reaction’ with the formation of H 2 /CO in situ , 10 exfoliation in an aqueous medium under reflux 3 and the bottom-up synthesis of an Mo target via laser ablation. 11…”

“…[7][8][9] Among the reported strategies under milder conditions, there is the hydrothermal synthesis 'sauna reaction' with the formation of H 2 /CO in situ, 10 exfoliation in an aqueous medium under reflux 3 and the bottom-up synthesis of an Mo target via laser ablation. 11 On the other hand often seen as a harmful tool, gamma radiation (γ-radiation) is little explored in the synthesis and structural modification of materials, perhaps due to historical reasons associated with wars or environmental disasters resulting from atomic reactor accidents, despite it being widely used in agriculture to increase food conservation time, and in the treatment of blood components. 12,13 However, synthetic methodologies based on γ-irradiation have great potential for the development of greener processes, associated with efficiency and being environmentally friendly, due to the following reasons: (1) the reactions are induced by γ-radiation, without the need for catalysts or initiators, 14 (2) they have high penetration and if the interaction takes place in an aqueous medium, it can generate reducing or oxidizing species, 15 (3) allows for scaling, and (4) increases reproducibility and requires reduced influence from the operator in the reaction and less risk associated with the operation of equipment.…”