Fabrication and Properties of Overcoated Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Shells for OMEGA Experiments

Nikroo, A.; Czechowicz, D. G.; Paguio, R. R.; Greenwood, A.; Takagi, Masaru

doi:10.13182/fst04-a432

Cited by 35 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Coating a film with foam is one effective way to overcome these problemx. 131 Also, there are some experiments where there is a request for coating a foam with a thin film. Low density foams by their very nature have pores, but laser experiments sometimes require porous materials to have a smooth surface.…”

Section: F Membrane On the Porous Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Poly(4-vinylphenol) has been used as a coating layer by adding a phase transfer crosslinker of m-phthaloyldichloride. 58,59,131 The coating layer in this application was necessary to act as a gas barrier for foam-coated cryogenic targets. In order to produce such a barrier for RF aerogels, phase-transfer catalysis polymerization was used simultaneously during the gelation process.…”

Section: F Membrane On the Porous Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of low density porous materials used in laser plasma experiments

2018

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This review describes and categorizes the synthesis and properties of low density porous materials, which are commonly referred to as foams and are utilized for laser plasma experiments. By focusing a high-power laser on a small target composed of these materials, high energy and density states can be produced. In the past decade or so, various new target fabrication techniques have been developed by many laboratories that use high energy lasers and consequently, many publications and reviews followed these developments. However, the emphasis so far has been on targets that did not utilize low density porous materials. This review therefore, attempts to redress this balance and endeavors to review low density materials used in laser plasma experiments in recent years. The emphasis of this review will be on aspects of low density materials that are of relevance to high energy laser plasma experiments. Aspects of low density materials such as densities, elemental compositions, macroscopic structures, nanostructures, and characterization of these materials will be covered. Also, there will be a brief mention of how these aspects affect the results in laser plasma experiments and the constrictions that these requirements put on the fabrication of low density materials relevant to this field. This review is written from the chemists' point of view to aid physicists and the new comers to this field.

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Section: F Membrane On the Porous Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: F Membrane On the Porous Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of low density porous materials used in laser plasma experiments

2018

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“…In inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments, foam shells can be used as a matrix to support a cryogenic deuterium-tritium (DT) shell and to increase the absorbed laser energy [1,2]. Low-density polymer foams are an optimal material for the shells, especially for inertial fusion energy (IFE) targets.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The current production method for RF aerogel targets at target suppliers such as General Atomics is an encapsulation batch process [1,3]. A triple-orifice droplet generator described in [1,2] encapsulates density-matched oil in an aqueous RF solution to create oil/water/oil double-emulsion droplets. After the shell polymerizes to form an RF gel, the drying process takes place in a number of stages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerated evaporative drying of RF foam for ICF target fabrication

Scott

Harding

2013

2013 IEEE 25th Symposium on Fusion Engineering (SOFE)

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An evaporative drying process is being developed to remove the residual fluid phase from resorcinol formaldehyde (RF) foam shells once they are fully polymerized. This development is part of a microfluidic "lab-on-a-chip" approach for the mass production of inertial fusion energy (IFE) targets. The most-promising prospect for accelerating air drying to less than 24 h is to use a low surface-tension fluid (water containing a surfactant, or as alcohol) at an elevated temperature (50°C) while maintaining the foam structure under a tensile load to counteract the induced capillary forces.

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“…The gelated capsules were extracted by supercritical CO 2 to obtain low-density foam. [10,11] It is difficult to obtain highly spherical foam capsules because of the density mismatch of W and O during the reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resorcinol‐Formalin Foam Balls Via Gelation of Emulsion Using Phase‐Transfer Catalysts

Ito

Nagai

Nakai

et al. 2005

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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Summary: Highly spherical (98.5%) low‐density foam balls with 1‐mm diameters were fabricated from a density‐matched emulsion consisting of a resorcinol/formalin aqueous solution and a (mineral oil and carbon tetrachloride) mixture. Phase‐transfer catalysts of carboxylic acid were utilized to induce gelation of the emulsion. The gelation process was monitored by a mechanical test. Gelation forming ball shapes happened within 20–30 min, depending on the catalysts, at room temperature. The gelation time decreased with high‐catalyst concentration. Acids with long alkyl chains did not induce gelation and no balls were obtained. The gelated balls were dried to obtain foam via an exchange of the solvent with 2‐propanol and extraction using the supercritical fluid CO2. The density obtained from the catalyst was 0.15–0.16 g · cm−3. SEM images revealed surface membrane formation, which can be explained by local concentration at the interface of W/O. We observed different bulk foam cell sizes, which may depend on the catalysts and, therefore, on the different gelation rates.Structure of a highly spherical low‐density foam ball with 1‐mm diameter.magnified imageStructure of a highly spherical low‐density foam ball with 1‐mm diameter.

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Fabrication and Properties of Overcoated Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Shells for OMEGA Experiments

Cited by 35 publications

References 7 publications

A review of low density porous materials used in laser plasma experiments

A review of low density porous materials used in laser plasma experiments

Accelerated evaporative drying of RF foam for ICF target fabrication

Resorcinol‐Formalin Foam Balls Via Gelation of Emulsion Using Phase‐Transfer Catalysts

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