Hollow structures of NiAs-type cobalt sulfide have been synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. These hollow structured cobalt sulfides exhibit excellent electrochemical properties for supercapacitor applications (867 F g
À1) and respectable hydrogen evolution activity.The symmetrical supercapacitor device fabricated using cobalt sulfide nanostructures showed an areal capacitance of 260 mF cm À2 with good flexibility and high temperature stability. The specific capacitance of the supercapacitor is enhanced over 150%, when the temperature is increased from 10 to 70 C.Over the last few decades, the increasing demand for energy has motivated the scientic community to develop high performance, sustainable, cost-effective and environmentally friendly materials for energy conversion and storage applications.
1-4Undoubtedly, materials for supercapacitors and hydrogen evolution are among the widely studied ones for these purposes. Supercapacitors are electrochemical energy storage devices primarily appealing for their excellent power density and long cycle life. 4-7 Carbon based electrodes are suitable for delivering high power density but have low energy density.8 Nevertheless, in recent years, the energy density of supercapacitors has been boosted by the use of metal oxides, which in turn sacrices the cycle life.4 Second, energy generation using a cleaner and cheaper method is of high importance due to increasing concerns of carbon emission. Hydrogen generation by splitting water is highly desired. The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is one of the key steps in the water splitting process.9 Ideally, the thermodynamic potential for the hydrogen evolution reaction should be at 0 V (vs. SHE). However, without an efficient catalyst, this reaction occurs at high overpotential.10 Presently, platinum is the most effective and durable catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction, but its widespread use is precluded due to its high cost and limited availability.At this juncture, it is essential to develop cost effective, sustainable and stable materials for both supercapacitor and HER applications. Recently, transition metal chalcogenides have attracted considerable attention for energy applications such as fuel cells, supercapacitors and batteries due to their high abundance, low cost and decent performance.
17Hierarchically porous nickel sulde has been synthesized for both the HER and oxygen evolution reaction (OER).18 The synthesized nickel sulde showed overpotentials of 60 mV for the HER and 180 mV for the OER in 1.0 M KOH at a current density of 10 mA cm À2 , respectively. Sharma et al. have synthesised ower-like ZnS for charge storage applications.
19They observed a high specic capacitance (226 F g À1 ) and specic capacitance was observed to decrease by 60% on increasing the scan rate from 20 to 200 mV s À1 . Other metal suldes such as WS 2 are also synthesized for HER, supercapacitor and battery applications. [20][21][22] As an important member of the transition metal sulde family, cobalt sulde is consi...