Fabrication and thickness-dependent magnetic studies of tunable multiferroic heterostructures (CFO/LSMO/LAO)

All‐alkoxide based deposition and properties of a multilayer La0.67Sr0.33MnO3/CoFe2O4/La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 film

“…The all‐alkoxide solution deposition reported here is comparable to the films prepared by other physical techniques, such as pulsed laser deposition [31] and sputtering [32] which produce LSMO films with T C values of ∼340 K and ∼347 K, respectively. Markedly, the present all‐alkoxide method produces films with higher T C , compared to conventional sol‐gel methods using metal salts as precursors [14–17,33] . The bi‐ and tri‐layer films also showed a ferromagnetic transition around 350 K, as clearly observed for the control LSMO film.…”

“…This arises from the concerted, complete hydrolysis of the different constituent metal alkoxides [12,13] . In contrast, the popular metal organic deposition (MOD) routes using carboxylates and routes using alkoxides mixed with stabilising agents, such as acetylacetonates or carboxylates, typically yield deposits with a large amount of organic residues [11,14–17] . During the heat‐treatment, these organic groups cause problems, such as formation of residual carbon, porosity and reduction of metal‐ions, such as Fe‐, Co‐, Ni‐, Cu‐, Pb‐, Bi‐ions, resulting in metal particle formation and thereby phase separation.…”

“…[12,13] In contrast, the popular metal organic deposition (MOD) routes using carboxylates and routes using alkoxides mixed with stabilising agents, such as acetylacetonates or carboxylates, typically yield deposits with a large amount of organic residues. [11,[14][15][16][17] During the heat-treatment, these organic groups cause problems, such as formation of residual carbon, porosity and reduction of metal-ions, such as Fe-, Co-, Ni-, Cu-, Pb-, Bi-ions, resulting in metal particle formation and thereby phase separation. Even if the metal nanoparticles are eventually oxidised by air when the organics have been combusted, a nanoscale phase separation is created that requires heating to higher temperatures to form a homogeneous material.…”

Synthesis, Characterization, and Optimization of Magnetoelectric BaTiO3–Iron Oxide Core–Shell Nanoparticles

“…Nanomaterials 2020, 10, x FOR PEER REVIEW 7 of 10 agreed well with the maghemite stoichiometry. Small FWHM of peaks (1)(2)(3)(4) supported the presence of ϒ-Fe2O3 phase in CSNP structures. All peaks were deconvoluted using the Gaussian parameters.…”

“…Nanomaterials with both ferromagnetic and ferroelectric properties are useful for compact devices and sensors [1][2][3]. Coupling between electric and magnetic properties (e.g., magnetic polarization from electric field and vice versa) is essential for several technologies.…”