“…Photocatalysis, sensing, optoelectronics, and plasmonics are a few of the potential applications of these materials [13]. TMO nanoparticles (NPs) have recently gained prominence as prospective candidates for a range of scientific applications, including biological applications [14,15], smart materials [16], superconductors [17], radiation shielding [18], and many more. Oxide-based semiconductors, however, are preferred over others owing to their unique properties such as (1) capability for absorbing light, (2) having a long lifespan in an excited state, (3) transferring charge, and (4) having electronic structures.…”