Fabrication, Modification, and Characterization of Lignin-Based Electrospun Fibers Derived from Distinctive Biomass Sources

Abstract

From the environmental point of view, there is high demand for the preparation of polymeric materials for various applications from renewable and/or waste sources. New lignin-based spun fibers were produced, characterized, and probed for use in methylene blue (MB) dye removal in this study. The lignin was extracted from palm fronds (PF) and banana bunch (BB) feedstock using catalytic organosolv treatment. Different polymer concentrations of either a plasticized blend of renewable polymers such as polylactic acid/polyhydroxybutyrate blend (PLA-PHB-ATBC) or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as a potential waste material were used as matrices to generate lignin-based fibers by the electrospinning technique. The samples with the best fiber morphologies were further modified after iodine handling to ameliorate and expedite the thermostabilization process. To investigate the adsorption of MB dye from aqueous solution, two approaches of fiber modification were utilized. First, electrospun fibers were carbonized at 500 °C with aim of generating lignin-based carbon fibers with a smooth appearance. The second method used an in situ oxidative chemical polymerization of m-toluidine monomer to modify electrospun fibers, which were then nominated by hybrid composites. SEM, TGA, FT-IR, BET, elemental analysis, and tensile measurements were employed to evaluate the composition, morphology, and characteristics of manufactured fibers. The hybrid composite formed from an OBBL/PET fiber mat has been shown to be a promising adsorbent material with a capacity of 9 mg/g for MB dye removal.

Recycled Synthetic Polymer-Based Electrospun Membranes for Filtering Applications

“…Preparation and application of electrospun membranes composed of lignin extracted from palm fronds and banana bunches as biomass sources and PET from bottle waste were studied by Attia et al [80]. The electrospun fibers with smooth morphology for the adsorption of methylene blue dye from the water were investigated.…”

Recycling and Reutilizing Polymer Waste via Electrospun Micro/Nanofibers: A Review

“…Zuburtikudis et al fabricated carbon nanofibers by electrospinning a mix of lignin and recycled PET with a carbonization process [ 86 ]. Similarly, Attia et al fabricated lignin-based fibers from a blend of recycled lignin and PET by electrospinning, which can be used to remove methylene blue dye in water [ 96 ]. In another study, Khorram and colleagues prepared adsorptive membranes for chromium removal from wastewater with electrospun recycled PET fibers treated with cold plasma and functionalized with chitosan.…”

Irreversible and Self-Healing Electrically Conductive Hydrogels Made of Bio-Based Polymers

“…Impregnated polymers with such electro-conductive segments have been electrospun either in the form of single filaments, core/shell structures, or hollow fibers. The electrospun carbon nanofibers or nanotubes have a very large surface area that facilitates the electron transfer in a much higher magnitude compared to regular composites [ 156 , 157 ]. Also, heteroatoms-doped carbon materials that are based on electrically conductive polymers can provide electrocatalysis active sites to the matrices for various applications i.e., excellent oxygen reduction reaction [ 158 ].…”