Fabrication of 3D porous SF/β‐TCP hybrid scaffolds for bone tissue reconstruction

Abstract

Bio-ceramic is a biomaterial actively studied in the field of bone tissue engineering. But, only certain ceramic materials can resolve the corrosion problem and possess the biological affinity of conventional metal biomaterials. Therefore, the recent development of composites of hybrid composites and polymers has been widely studied. In this study, we aimed to select the best scaffold of silk fibroin and β-TCP hybrid for bone tissue engineering. We fabricated three groups of scaffold such as SF (silk fibroin scaffold), GS (silk fibroin/small granule size of β-TCP scaffold) and GM (silk fibroin/medium granule size of β-TCP scaffold), and we compared the characteristics of each group. During characterization of the scaffold, we used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for structural analysis. We compared the physiological properties of the scaffold regarding the swelling ratio, water uptake and porosity. To evaluate the mechanical properties, we examined the compressive strength of the scaffold. During in vitro testing, we evaluated cell attachment and cell proliferation (CCK-8). Finally, we confirmed in vivo new bone regeneration from the implanted scaffolds using histological staining and micro-CT. From these evaluations, the fabricated scaffold demonstrated high porosity with good inter-pore connectivity, showed good biocompatibility and high compressive strength and modulus. In particular, the present study indicates that the GM scaffold using β-TCP accelerates new bone regeneration of implanted scaffolds. Accordingly, our scaffold is expected to act a useful application in the field of bone tissue engineering. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 1779-1787, 2016.

Synergistic Effects on Incorporation of β-Tricalcium Phosphate and Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles to Silk Fibroin/Soy Protein Isolate Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

“…In this study, all the SF/SPI scaffolds fabricated through freeze-drying have an average pore size of more than 100 µm and proper porosities. With these pores, the amount of the incorporated β-TCP and GO nanoparticles can be significantly increased, which subsequently affects the hydrophobicity of the whole scaffolds [29,31]. When the β-TCP and GO nanoparticles appear on the surface of the pore walls, there form flake-like structures with sharp pore edges, which increase the surface roughness.…”

“…When SF is mixed with SPI, the hybrid characteristic peak becomes obviously broad, and moves to lower adsorption band (3400 cm −1 ), indicating that the two proteins are not only physically blended together, but interacted though hydrogen bonding. The SF/SPI/β-TCP and SF/SPI/GO/β-TCP scaffolds exhibit the characteristic peak at 660 cm −1 , which attributes to PO4 −3 groups [29,31,32]. The addition of GO enhances the intensity of -OH groups (3200 cm −1 to 3700 cm −1 ) with broader band, representing the intermolecular hydrogen bonding in the scaffold.…”

“…Only the adsorption peak of GO at 1732 cm −1 is detected in the composite scaffolds, while the adsorption peak at 1628 cm −1 is overlapped by the adsorption band of amide I. ATR-FTIR patterns of the SF/SPI-based composite scaffolds are shown in Figure 5. All of the scaffolds exhibit characteristic peaks at 1612 cm −1 (C=O stretching vibration), 1513 cm −1 (N-H bending), and 1298 cm −1 (C-H and N-H stretching), which could be ascribed to amide I, amide II, and amide III of SF respectively [28,29]. Also, the ATR-FTIR spectrum of SPI displays similar characteristic peaks (1630 cm −1 , 1530 cm −1 , and 1230 cm −1 ) to that of SF based on several literatures, which are difficult to distinguish in hybrid scaffolds [30].…”

Micro-CT – a digital 3D microstructural voyage into scaffolds: a systematic review of the reported methods and results

“…A total of 105 papers [ 54 – 158 ] were included in the systematic analysis. The data indicated that micro-CT was used only qualitatively in around 15% of the papers [ 63 , 74 , 75 , 79 , 95 , 102 , 106 , 108 , 112 , 116 , 122 , 129 , 133 , 146 , 149 , 158 ], and only quantitatively in 9.5% of the papers [ 55 , 78 , 83 , 85 , 98 , 111 , 125 , 131 , 137 , 155 ]. Micro-CT was used both qualitatively and quantitatively in the rest of the papers [ 54 , 56 – 62 , 64 – 73 , 76 , 77 , 80 – 82 , 84 , 86 – 94 , 96 , 97 , 99 – 101 , 103 – 105 , 107 , 109 , 110 , 113 – 115 , 117 – 121 , 123 , 124 , 126 – 128 , 130 , 132 , 134 – 136 , 138 – 145 , 147 , 148 ,…”

Evaluation of the Osteoblast Behavior to PGA Textile Functionalized with RGD as a Scaffold for Bone Regeneration

“…The manufacture of scaffolds mimicking the extracellular bone matrix, which is composed of collagen fibers, calcium, phosphorus, and other minerals, has not yet been resolved [5][6][7]. Scaffolds made from polymer fibers have many of the characteristics necessary for the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblasts [8][9][10][11].…”