Fabrication of 3D Printing Scaffold with Porcine Skin Decellularized Bio-Ink for Soft Tissue Engineering

Abstract

Recently, many research groups have investigated three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting techniques for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The bio-ink used in 3D bioprinting is typically a combination of synthetic and natural materials. In this study, we prepared bio-ink containing porcine skin powder (PSP) to determine rheological properties, biocompatibility, and extracellular matrix (ECM) formation in cells in PSP-ink after 3D printing. PSP was extracted without cells by mechanical, enzymatic, and chemical treatments of porcine dermis tissue. Our developed PSP-containing bio-ink showed enhanced printability and biocompatibility. To identify whether the bio-ink was printable, the viscosity of bio-ink and alginate hydrogel was analyzed with different concentration of PSP. As the PSP concentration increased, viscosity also increased. To assess the biocompatibility of the PSP-containing bio-ink, cells mixed with bio-ink printed structures were measured using a live/dead assay and WST-1 assay. Nearly no dead cells were observed in the structure containing 10 mg/mL PSP-ink, indicating that the amounts of PSP-ink used were nontoxic. In conclusion, the proposed skin dermis decellularized bio-ink is a candidate for 3D bioprinting.

Adaptive multi‐degree‐of‐freedom in situ bioprinting robot for hair‐follicle‐inclusive skin repair: A preliminary study conducted in mice

“…In terms of mechanical properties and printability, the elastic modulus of Matrigel has been proven to be around 450–650 Pa with different measurement, 55,56 and it is similar to the storage modulus of decellularized skin ECM, 57,58 which can simulate the growth environment of skin‐derived stem cells. Matrigel undergoes gelation at temperatures in the range 22–37°C and presents the shear‐thinning properties, which are desirable for in situ bioprinting because of the continuous and smooth extrusion 59 .…”

Decellularized Tissues for Wound Healing: Towards Closing the Gap Between Scaffold Design and Effective Extracellular Matrix Remodeling

“…Similarly, Lee et al examined the biocompatibility of a bio-ink composed of dECM powder from porcine dermis dissolved in a 2-3% sodium alginate hydrogel, at 10 and 20 mg/ml (Lee et al, 2020). Rheological characterization of the prepared inks showed that ink viscosity could be tuned by varying dECM powder concentration.…”

Tailoring bioinks of extrusion-based bioprinting for cutaneous wound healing

“…Next, the ECM-related bioink integrated with endothelial progenitor cells and adipose-derived stem cells was further used to print 3D pre-vascularized skin patch, which significantly promoted in vivo wound re-epithelization and neovascularization. Similarly, Lee et al [ 160 ] developed bio-ink containing decellularized porcine skin powder, which exhibited enhanced printability and biocompatibility for 3D bioprinting.…”