“…22,23 Therefore, the direct detection of Aβ oligomer level would be more reliable for AD diagnosis than assay of its monomer. 24,25 Recently, a few novel biosensors have been developed for the detection of Aβ oligomer, including electrochemistry, [26][27][28][29] surface plasma resonance (SPR), 30 localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), 24,31 fluorescence, 32,33 nuclear magnetic resonance, 34 and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. 35 These methods are feasible, but they require the use of special instruments and/or relatively expensive and variable antibodies for the capture and recognition of Aβ oligomer.…”