Fabrication of an electron multiplier utilizing diamond films

Auger Electron Spectroscopy of The CVD Diamond Surface Under Electron Exposure

“…The total secondary yield coefficient was observed to depend also on the irradiation of the surface. It strongly decreased under exposure to the electron beam and subsequently restored together with recovery of the hydrogen coverage [8][9][10][11]. The changes of the SEE properties in our experiments always correlated with the changes which occurred in the AES peak.…”

“…Taking into account this correlation and the well known facts that: (a) the hydrogen coverage substantially improves the secondary-electron yield of different diamond surfaces [1], and (b) the hydrogen can be removed as a result of high-energy electron irradiation [8][9][10][11], we can conclude that the shift of the carbon Auger peak is induced by the removal of hydrogen from the surface. The following model is proposed to explain the shift of the Auger peak.…”

“…Results of this measurements were described previously [8][9][10][11]. Exposure of CVD films to a primary electron beam was shown to result in desorption of hydrogen from the surface and a decrease of the secondary yield.…”

“…The effect of negative electron affinity (NEA) [2][3][4][5][6][7] and a correspondingly high secondary electron emission coefficient (up to 60) [8][9][10][11][12] discovered on diamond surfaces have been associated with the presence of passivating hydrogen [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Because of these properties, diamond has high potential to be used for cold cathodes and photocathodes in high power electronics and high-frequency devices [ 13,14].…”

Ultrahigh secondary electron emission of carbon nanotubes

“…Materials in current commercial electron multipliers typically have SE yields ranging from 1 to 4. 2,3 The SE yield of diamond is ultrahigh, from 12 to 113. 1,3,4,6,7 Diamond is excellent but expensive.…”