Fabrication of an Optical Waveguide-Mode-Field Compressor in Glass Using a Femtosecond Laser

Liu, Zhengming; Liao, Yang; Wang, Zhenhua; Zhang, Zhihao; Liu, Zhaoxiang; Qiao, Lingling; Cheng, Ya

doi:10.3390/ma11101926

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…21 Optical mode confinement is dictated by both the transverse refractive index profile of the waveguide, and refractive index contrast. Various methods have reported for optimising index contrast, such as glass compositional tuning, 22 stress-induced compression 23 and thermal annealing. 24 ULI devices are commonly fabricated in low-cost materials like fused silica, soda-lime, and boro-aluminosilicate glasses derived from the consumer electronics industry.…”

Section: Enables Enormous Index Contrast Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved integration density with ultra-fast laser written fiber fan-in/fan-out for broadband coupling to silicon photonics

Ross-Adams,

Withford,

Gross

2024

Optical Interconnects XXIV

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There is an evolving need for higher integration density for silicon photonic integrated circuits. Broadband operation and polarisation insensitivity are highly coveted. Despite their versatility, the commonly used grating couplers are limited by their high insertion loss, narrow bandwidth, polarisation dependence and their large physical footprint. Inverse taper edge couplers, by contrast, offer lower insertion losses, with relative wavelength and polarisation insensitivity. They are of the same dimension as silicon strip waveguides, hence, coupler spacing is constrained only by the physical size of the coupled fibre, typically amounting to a minimum pitch of 127 µm. To address this constraint, we demonstrate an ultra fast laser inscribed fan-in/fan-out (FIFO) interposer, in boro-aluminosilicate glass (Corning Eagle XG). The FIFO remaps a standard V-groove array of single-mode fibers from a pitch of 127 µm to 50 µm at the silicon interface, effectively increasing the number of ports per millimetre from 8 to 20. Denser arrangements are theoretically possible with the minimum pitch constrained only by the mode-field diameter of the waveguides. The FIFO employs a novel multi-pass waveguide morphology with a high index contrast of 1.12 × 10 −2 , allowing for a reduced mode-field diameter of 5.4 µm at 1550 nm. For coupling to a 500 × 220 nm inverse taper with a tip width of 182±1 nm, we achieve a theoretical coupling loss 3.7 dB (4.4 dB measured). Across the telecommunication band (1520 -1625 nm), we measure a flat wavelength response (0.35 dB variation) and a peak polarisation dependent loss of 0.8 dB.

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Section: Enables Enormous Index Contrast Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved integration density with ultra-fast laser written fiber fan-in/fan-out for broadband coupling to silicon photonics

Ross-Adams,

Withford,

Gross

2024

Optical Interconnects XXIV

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“…A similar technique is adopted to fabricate a mode field compressor and reduce the mode field size. 83 Birefringence is demonstrated to be tunable in the range from 0 to 4.35 × 10 −4 , and this allows great flexibility in designing polarization sensitive and insensitive components devices on one single chip, which adds another degree of freedom in the fabrication of integrated optical devices. 81,82…”

Section: Multiscanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photonic circuits written by femtosecond laser in glass: improved fabrication and recent progress in photonic devices

et al. 2021

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Integrated photonics is attracting considerable attention and has found many applications in both classical and quantum optics, fulfilling the requirements for the ever-growing complexity in modern optical experiments and big data communication. Femtosecond (fs) laser direct writing (FLDW) is an acknowledged technique for producing waveguides (WGs) in transparent glass that have been used to construct complex integrated photonic devices. FLDW possesses unique features, such as three-dimensional fabrication geometry, rapid prototyping, and single step fabrication, which are important for integrated communication devices and quantum photonic and astrophotonic technologies. To fully take advantage of FLDW, considerable efforts have been made to produce WGs over a large depth with low propagation loss, coupling loss, bend loss, and highly symmetrical mode field. We summarize the improved techniques as well as the mechanisms for writing high-performance WGs with controllable morphology of cross-section, highly symmetrical mode field, low loss, and high processing uniformity and efficiency, and discuss the recent progress of WGs in photonic integrated devices for communication, topological physics, quantum information processing, and astrophotonics. Prospective challenges and future research directions in this field are also pointed out.

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“…Femtosecond laser is often used to prepare optical waveguides in rare-earth-doped materials. In recent years, several phenomenon and applications have been discovered by using femtosecond laser for optical waveguide manufacturing in rareearth-doped glass materials, including planar and channel waveguides [24][25][26]. In 2016, D.G.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guided-Wave Up-Conversion Luminescence in Er3+/Yb3+ Co-doped Phosphate Glass Waveguide Produced by Direct Femtosecond Laser Writing

Zhou

Cheng

et al. 2022

Front. Phys.

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We report on guided-wave up-conversion luminescence in femtosecond laser writing cladding waveguides in Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped phosphate glass. The waveguides were fabricated with 30-μm- and 100-μm-diameter of the guiding cores. The guiding properties of waveguides have been investigated at 633 nm by end face coupling of free space light and physical contact of fibers. The experimental and calculated results of propagating modal profiles and losses have proved favorable performances suitable to Gaussian mode field and multi-mode applications. Under the optical pump laser at 980 nm, the guided-wave up-conversion luminescence at visible light range has been realized through the waveguides.

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Fabrication of an Optical Waveguide-Mode-Field Compressor in Glass Using a Femtosecond Laser

Cited by 9 publications

References 32 publications

Improved integration density with ultra-fast laser written fiber fan-in/fan-out for broadband coupling to silicon photonics

Improved integration density with ultra-fast laser written fiber fan-in/fan-out for broadband coupling to silicon photonics

Photonic circuits written by femtosecond laser in glass: improved fabrication and recent progress in photonic devices

Guided-Wave Up-Conversion Luminescence in Er3+/Yb3+ Co-doped Phosphate Glass Waveguide Produced by Direct Femtosecond Laser Writing

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