Fabrication of an ultra-thin and ordered SPEEK proton exchange membrane by a Langmuir-Blodgett self-assembly process

Multiple Hydrogen Bond Systems Boosting High Proton Conductivity of the Comb-Shaped Sulfonated Poly(ether ether ketone) Proton Exchange Membranes

“…To precisely measure the damp membranes’ thickness values ( T wet , mm), a thickness gauge was also used. The WU and SR were calculated with eq and eq , respectively: WU = W wet − W dry W dry × 100 % SR = T wet − T dry T dry × 100 % …”

Recent advances in non-perfluorinated sulfonic acid proton exchange membranes in the energy field

“…This serves as a pivotal reference for high-performance membrane preparation. Zhang et al 104 employed concentrated sulfuric acid for direct sulfonation of SPEEK and utilized a solution casting method to produce a membrane. This membrane demonstrated the highest conductivity of 384 mS cm −1 at 80 °C, exhibiting low activation energy (<38.5 kJ mol −1 ).…”

“…Additionally, ion pairing between the quaternary ammonium and sulfonic acid groups in PDA-ADPS contributes to improving the dimensional stability of the membrane. In another study, Zhang et al 104 utilized the Langmuir–Blodgett self-assembly process to fabricate the SPEEK proton exchange membrane. This membrane exhibited good water absorption and a controlled swelling rate.…”

“…This, in turn, leads to a decrease in the oxidative stability of the membrane. Zhang et al 104 used the Langmuir–Blodgett self-assembly process to prepare SPEEK proton exchange membranes that showed excellent oxidation stability. The antioxidant capacity of the membrane was evaluated by the residual mass of the membrane treated in Fenton's reagent for 1 h at 80 °C.…”

Synergistically Functionalized Pyridinyl- and Phosphine-Oxide-Based Semifluoro-Sulfonated Copolytriazole Membrane Preparation via “Click” Polymerization for Proton Exchange Membrane Applications

“…The demand for ecofriendly clean energy and renewal energy sources has been exacerbated tremendously. In the last few decades, with the rapid growth of the world’s population and industrialization, the consumption of fossil fuels, e.g., natural oils, gases, coal, etc., has become massive. , Consequently, the total amount of global primary energy sources has been reduced by more than 79%. , Due to this diminution of fossil fuel resources and their harmful environmental impacts, − the development of alternative sustainable and clean energy production sources has become the most demanding aspect of global policies and economies. − In this context, hydrogen fuel cells (HFCs) flourished as the most promising environmentally sound source of energy production. , HFCs are known for their excellent energy productivity, perfect size, net-zero environmental impact, and low carbon emission. − Based on the different types of electrolytes, there are several types of HFCs, among which the most important is proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) due to their highly responsive nature, outstanding power production capacity, low working temperature, and simple synthetic procedure with no emission. , Compared to the other HFCs, PEMFCs demonstrate immense potential in low-emission transportation, industrial and domestic energy distribution, and the portable devices sectors. ,− …”