“…Among these substrates, ZnO has been thought to be the best as its lattice constant, a = 3.351 Å, is very close to that of the MgB 2 , a = 3.083 Å, and both have the same hexagonal lattice symmetry. In fact, c-axis oriented MgB 2 film with T c = 35.0 K on the polar ZnO substrate has been successfully fabricated, 11 but, at the same time, a certain amount of unfavorable reaction products has also been found in the interface between the MgB 2 film and the ZnO substrate. 10 This experimental finding suggests the importance of the affinities between substrate and film in addition to minimizing lattice mismatch.…”