Fabrication of Biopolymeric Complex Coacervation Core Micelles for Efficient Tea Polyphenol Delivery via a Green Process

Abstract

Nanoencapsulation is a promising method to improve the bioavailability of tea polyphenol (TPP). In this work, we adopted a green process to develop a new kind of complex coacervation core micelles (C3Ms) based on biopolymers for efficient tea polyphenol delivery. First, gelatin-dextran conjugate was synthesized using Maillard reaction. Then the C3Ms were produced by mixing gelatin-dextran conjugate with TPP. Variable factors on the self-assembly of the C3Ms were investigated. Under optimal conditions, the obtained C3Ms are of nanosize (average 86 nm in diameter) with narrow distribution. The formation of the C3Ms is attributed to hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bonding instead of electrostatic interaction. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) results showed that C3Ms have a spherical shape with core-shell structure. ζ-Potential measurement suggested that the core is composed of gelatin with TPP, whereas the shell is composed of dextran segments. The encapsulation efficiency of the C3Ms is pH-independent, but the loading capacity is controllable and as high as 360 wt % (weight/weight of protein). In addition, the C3Ms show sustained release of TPP in vitro. MTT assay revealed that the C3Ms have comparable or even stronger cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells than free TPP.

Preparation of arginine–glycine–aspartic acid-modified biopolymeric nanoparticles containing epigalloccatechin-3-gallate for targeting vascular endothelial cells to inhibit corneal neovascularization

“…Weakened repulsion among the NPs causes particle precipitation when the pH is around the isoelectric point of the selected proteins. 43 Therefore, it is important to learn changes in particle size and ζ-potential under different pH conditions. At pH 4, about 6.18%±2.43% of TAMRA from GEH-RGD diffused across the dialysis membrane after 5 hours, whereas about 30% of TAMRA released from precipitated GEH-RGD at pH 7, which was faster than that at pH 4 (data not shown).…”

“…This result is consistent with a previous report on gelatindextran-tea polyphenol self-assembled NPs, a pH-dependent assembly of NPs, in which larger particles were formed at higher pH, due to the weak interaction between gelatin and tea polyphenol. 43 Upon internalization, NPs can either be delivered into the endo-/lysosome for release of bioactive compounds by degradation or escape the endo-/lysosome to reach the basolateral side by exocytosis. Therefore, a higher intracellular release rate of GE, GEH, or GEH-RGD can be predicted.…”

Recent advancement of gelatin nanoparticles in drug and vaccine delivery

“…In another study, gelatin-dextran micelles exhibited high loading and sustained release of tea polyphenol (TPP) in vitro and showed stronger cytotoxicity against breast cancer cells than free TPP [183]. Nano encapsulation of cocoa procyanidins into GNPs significantly improved their storage stability and enhanced their apoptotic activity in human acute monocytic leukaemia cells compared with the free CPs [184].…”

Variation of insoluble calcium salts in protein adsorption and suspension stability when dispersed in sodium caseinate solutions

“…4, the particle surface became more hydrophilic again by the formation of admicelles, and the stability showed an apparent increment for the suspensions. When the complexes surfaces became more hydrophilic, surface charge played a key role in the dispersion stability (Zhou et al, 2012). The increasing net charge of complexes provided stronger repulsive force to keep the particles separated.…”