Fabrication of Breathable Multifunctional On-Skin Electronics Based on Tunable Track-Etched Membranes

Abstract

The on-skin electronics have been extensively studied in various applications such as human−machine interfaces, intelligent prostheses, and health monitoring. However, the current research on flexible electronics tends to focus largely on improving flexibility, functionality, and stability while overlooking the physiological comfort. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a flexible, permeable material and structure to improve long-term wearing comfort for on-skin electronics. Here, the fabrication of breathable multifunctional on-skin electronics based on highly flexible and tunable track-etched membranes is reported. The tracketched membranes are fabricated by a state-of-the-art ion bombardment strategy and feature a smooth surface and unique pore structure regarding precisely tunable pore size and pore density, which offer simultaneously controllable permeability, high functionality, and durability. The track-etched membrane with a pore size of 12.63 μm exhibits an ultrahigh air permeability (190.6 mm s −1 ) and moisture permeability (2051 g m −2 day −1 ). Finally, highly flexible and breathable pressure sensors and bioelectric electrodes based on track-etched membranes with advanced thermoregulation are proposed for continuous monitoring of motion and physiological signals.

Progress in the Preparation and Application of Breathable Membranes

“…Breathable membranes can be prepared as electronic sensors for medical detection applications due to their good breathability [ 27 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 ]. Yan et al [ 1 ] developed an approach for wearable electronics, addressing the challenge of integrating electronic functionality with the flexibility and breathability required for medical detection applications.…”

“…The breathability of a membrane is influenced by the material composition and the design of the porous structure [ 24 , 25 , 26 ]. In addition, by improving the manufacturing technology and modifying the treatment, multifunctional breathable membranes can be achieved [ 27 , 28 ]. Modifying the internal structure and incorporating adsorbents can make the breathable membrane effective to be used as air filter.…”