Fabrication of bulk heterojunction plastic solar cells by screen printing

Shaheen, Sean E.; Radspinner, Rachel; Peyghambarian, N.; Jabbour, Ghassan E.

doi:10.1063/1.1413501

Cited by 454 publications

(247 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…The schematic of screen printing process used for deposition of ZnO film is presented in Figure 1. During deposition process, the screen is placed a few millimetres above the surface of the substrate and the paste is dispersed through squeeze (doctor blade) [24]. In this way ZnO film is produced.…”

Section: -P1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of physical properties of screen printed nanosized ZnO films for optoelectronic applications

Zargar

Arora

Hafiz

2015

Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys.

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Abstract. Nanosized ZnO particles derived from chemical co-precipitation route were used for casting ZnO films by screen printing method followed by sintering at two different temperatures. The variation in structural, optical and electrical properties of these films with temperature have been investigated by XRD, SEM, FTIR, Raman, UV-VIS, EPR and four probe analytical techniques. XRD patterns of these films exhibit polycrystalline nature with hexagonal wurtzite structure and SEM images reveal the smooth, dense and without any cracks/damage porous surface morphology. Infrared transmission spectra shows peaks pertaining to Zn-O stretching modes and their multiphonon modes. While Raman spectra exhibited strong peaks of E 2 (high) phonon and overtone of surface phonon mode at 429 cm −1 and 1144 cm −1 respectively with weak components of LO and TO branches. The direct band gap energy of these films showed narrowing of band gap from 3.21 eV to 3.12 eV on increasing sintering temperature from 500 • C to 600 • C. DC conductivity measurements confirmed semiconducting behaviour and showed lowering of activation energy. EPR spectra showed single narrow line resonance signal of g-value ∼ 1.9469 due to oxygen vacancies which are produced during synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles by sol-gel process. These studies revealed that on increasing sintering temperature the crystallinity of the film improves with reduction in lattice deformations in these screen printed ZnO films.

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Section: -P1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of physical properties of screen printed nanosized ZnO films for optoelectronic applications

Zargar

Arora

Hafiz

2015

Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys.

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“…The nozzle tip and/or the substrate usually move with respect to one another to allow uniform deposition of the precursor solution, making spray coating a roll-to-roll compatible process if flexible substrates are used. Compared to other widely reported scalable methods for the fabrication of PSCs, such as screen printing [20], inkjet printing [21], and slot-die printing [22], spray coating is a fast, high-throughput fabrication method and is capable of fabricating thin films with nano-scale thickness, which is required for the efficient performance of some layers [3,[23][24][25]. Even a fully spray-processed solar cell has been fabricated in air [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamental Study on the Effect of Spray Parameters on Characteristics of P3HT:PCBM Active Layers Made by Spray Coating

Xie¹,

Gao²,

Eslamian³

2015

Coatings

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This paper is an attempt to elucidate the effects of the important spray characteristics on the surface morphology and light absorbance of spray-on P3HT:PCBM thin-films, used as an active layer in polymer solar cells (PSCs). Spray coating or deposition is a viable scalable technique for the large-scale, fast, and low-cost fabrication of solution-processed solar cells, and has been widely used for device fabrication, although the fundamental understanding of the underlying and controlling parameters, such as spray characteristics, droplet dynamics, and surface wettability, is still limited, making the results on device fabrication not reproducible and unreliable. In this paper, following the conventional PSC architecture, a PEDOT:PSS layer is first spin-coated on glass substrates, followed by the deposition of P3HT:PCBM using an automatic ultrasonic spray coating system, with a movable nozzle tip, to mimic an industrial manufacturing process. To gain insight, the effects of the spray carrier air pressure, the number of spray passes, the precursor flow rate, and precursor concentration are studied on the surface topography and light absorbance spectra of the spray-on films. Among the results, it is found that despite the high roughness of spray-on films, the light absorbance of the film is satisfactory. It is also found that the absorbance of spray-on films is a linear function of the number of spray passes or deposition layers, based on which an effective film thickness is defined for rough spray-on films. The effective thickness of a rough spray-on P3HT:PCBM film was found to be one-quarter of that of a flat film predicted by a simple mass balance. OPEN ACCESSCoatings 2015, 5 489

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“…If the field is to progress, advanced manufacturing techniques that integrate dielectric elastomers and hydrogels need to be developed. [7] Fabrication techniques specific to hydrogels have already been developed, including extrusion three-dimensional (3D) printing, [24,[32][33][34][35] digital projection based techniques, [36] and screen printing [37,38] . Extrusion printing techniques in particular are most easily capable of multi-material printing at high resolution and low costs.…”

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confidence: 99%

3D Printing of Transparent and Conductive Heterogeneous Hydrogel–Elastomer Systems

et al. 2017

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A hydrogel–dielectric‐elastomer system, polyacrylamide and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), is adapted for extrusion printing for integrated device fabrication. A lithium‐chloride‐containing hydrogel printing ink is developed and printed onto treated PDMS with no visible signs of delamination and geometrically scaling resistance under moderate uniaxial tension and fatigue. A variety of designs are demonstrated, including a resistive strain gauge and an ionic cable.

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Fabrication of bulk heterojunction plastic solar cells by screen printing

Cited by 454 publications

References 7 publications

Investigation of physical properties of screen printed nanosized ZnO films for optoelectronic applications

Investigation of physical properties of screen printed nanosized ZnO films for optoelectronic applications

Fundamental Study on the Effect of Spray Parameters on Characteristics of P3HT:PCBM Active Layers Made by Spray Coating

3D Printing of Transparent and Conductive Heterogeneous Hydrogel–Elastomer Systems

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