“…Superhydrophobic coatings with high contact angles (CA > 150°) and low-sliding angles (SA > 10°) of water have attracted much attention because of their many potential applications ( Nakajima et al, 1999 ), such as self-cleaning ( Guldin et al, 2013 ; Stieberova et al, 2017 ), oil/water separation ( Ye et al, 2017 ; Tang et al, 2021 ), anti-fogging ( Chevallier et al, 2011 ; Chang et al, 2012 ), anti-corrosion ( Liu et al, 2007 , 2010 ), anti-biofouling ( Lopez et al, 2016 ; Baidya et al, 2017 ), and anti-icing ( Emelyanenko et al, 2017 ; Wang et al, 2017 ). According to the Wenzel and Cassie–Baxter models, materials with micro- or nano-scale surface roughness and low-surface energies are both critical to the preparation of superhydrophobic surfaces ( Wenzel, 1936 ; Wang and Jiang, 2007 ).…”