Fabrication of carbide-particle-reinforced titanium aluminide-matrix composites by laser-engineered net shaping

Liu, Weiping; DuPont, J. N.

doi:10.1007/s11661-004-1016-5

Cited by 72 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The phenomenon of TiC particle melting during exposure to a laser beam has also been noted by another investigator [13] and rationalized by the fact that TiC particles have a much higher capability to absorb laser energy than that of metals. In fact, ceramics absorb energy better than metals only at both ends of the spectrum of wavelength: 0.1 to 10 lm, such as for a CO 2 laser with a wavelength of 10.6 lm, but worse than metals in the case of a Nd:YAG laser, whose wavelength is 1.064 lm.…”

mentioning

confidence: 69%

The Influence of Ni-Coated TiC on Laser-Deposited IN625 Metal Matrix Composites

Zheng

Topping

Smugeresky

et al. 2010

Metall Mater Trans A

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IN625 Ni-based metal matrix composites (MMCs) components were deposited using Laser Engineered Net-Shaping (LENS) with Ni-coated and uncoated TiC reinforcement particles to provide insight into the influence of interfaces on MMCs. The microstructures and spatial distribution of TiC particles in the deposited MMCs were characterized, and the mechanical responses were investigated. The results demonstrate that the flowability of the mixed powders, the integrity of the interface between the matrix and the TiC particles, the interaction between the laser beam and the TiC ceramic particles, and the mechanical properties of the LENS-deposited MMCs were all effectively improved by using Ni-coated TiC particles. DOI: 10.1007/s11661-009-0126-5 Ó The Author(s) 2010. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Particle-reinforced metallic matrix composites (MMCs) are of interest in many applications due to their multifunctionality, which yields combinations of properties, such as high specific strength, stiffness, and toughness, and a low coefficient of thermal expansion, that are unachievable with conventional materials. [1] Ni-based MMCs with ceramic reinforcements are used in a wide range of industrial operations with cutting, rolling, pelletizing, stamping, piercing, drawing, punching, etc.[2] Various synthesis methods, including casting and powder metallurgy techniques, have been used for conventional manufacturing of MMCs. [3,4] The presence of undesirable interfacial reactions and particle segregation represents two key issues that have limited the use of casting methods, partially due to an extended contact time between ceramic particles and the molten metal and density differences between ceramic and metals. In contrast, whereas conventional powder metallurgical routes avoid the presence of a liquid phase, these are relatively complex processes frequently limited in terms of product geometry. The LENS* process, incorporating features from stereolithography and laser cladding, is a laser-assisted direct metal manufacturing process that provides a pathway to produce net-shaped components from a three-dimensional (3-D) computeraided design file.[5] The primary advantages associated with LENS are the following: a small heat affected zone with high cooling rate resulting in fine microstructures; easy gradient deposition of multiple materials within a single component; and fully dense near-net-shape metal components. However, only spherical powders with diameters of 36 to 150 lm are recommended for use in LENS processing.[6] Thus, optimization of the LENS requires fundamental study of the influence of fine and irregular shaped ceramics particles in the case of MMCs.The strength and stability of the interfacial region between the reinforcement particles and metal matrix govern the mechanical properties of MMCs, and extensive efforts have been devoted to understanding and manipulating the interfacial behavior in MMCs. In the case of metal-ceramic MMCs, it is often desirable to promote wettability while ...

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mentioning

confidence: 69%

The Influence of Ni-Coated TiC on Laser-Deposited IN625 Metal Matrix Composites

Zheng

Topping

Smugeresky

et al. 2010

Metall Mater Trans A

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“…The hardness reached 2300 HV with a high content of ceramics, which is more than 11x the hardness of pure Ti [14]. Also, Liu et al [47] found that pre-heating the substrate is an effective method for eliminating cracks during the LENS process. Crack-free deposits were obtained with a substrate pre-heated between 450 and 500°C, laser power of 300 W and scan speed less than 762 mm/min.…”

Section: Properties and Samplesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The powders (particle size between 45 and 150 μm) were placed in separate feeders and mixed in situ while feeding from the powder feeders to the nozzles. On the other hand, the same authors deposited Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb and TiC (20 vol%) powder (particle diameters also between 45 and 150 μm) on the same substrate [47]. In this case, the powders could pre mixed and placed in a single powder feeder since the proportion in this case was not variable.…”

Section: Raw Materials and Substratementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The laser power used in the articles related to AM of composites with ceramic reinforcement varied between 170 and 750 W, while the scan speed varied from 234 to 1014 mm/min. The powder feed rate of the works that used Ti-6Al-4V as matrix [48][49][50] varied from 10 to 33 g/min, contrasting with works that used Ti [14] and Ti-48Al-2Cr-2Nb [47] whose rate varied from 1 to 3.5 g/min. The lowest power feed rate, 0.16 g/min, was used in the deposition of FeAl alloy reinforced by nanometric alumina [51].…”

Section: Process Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Overview of Laser Engineered Net Shaping of Ceramics

et al. 2020

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Additive manufacturing (AM) has provided huge versatility in geometry and materials, allowing new products and processes in several areas to be created. Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS) is an additive manufacturing process created in 1995 that allows building high-density metals and ceramics parts with no need for further operation. This manuscript aims to study the scientific literature about the process of Laser Engineered Net Shaping related to ceramics. After a systematic review, the articles were grouped into three categories: ceramic coating and AM of ceramics and AM of composites with ceramic reinforcement. Raw materials, substrates, applications, process parameters, and the obtained properties were analyzed and summarized for each group. Most of the additive manufacturing of ceramic parts are related to alumina, which present similar properties when compared to the traditionally manufactured ones. Recent works have the aid of an ultrasonic vibration to homogenize the in-process material, reduce cracks and improve mechanical properties. The additive manufacturing of composites with ceramic reinforcement has been used to create functionally graded composites materials with increased hardness, while the ceramic coating has been employed to manufacture biocompatible coating with increased hardness and low wear rate. Moreover, an additive manufacturing timeline including Laser Engineered Net Shaping landmarks is presented.

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“…Both types of porosity decrease with increase of traverse speed and power level. Liu and DuPont [5] reported that LENS TM is convenient for metals and alloys: H13, 316 stainless steel, nickel-base superalloys and titanium alloys. A problem in depositing alloys by LENScracks in the deposits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Numerical Study of a Cooling Ratio for Laser Based Prototyping Technology with a Sample of 316l Stainless Steel

Amano

Xu²,

Lucci³

et al. 2012

TOAUTOCJ

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The objectives of this work are to study Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS TM) produced materials and identify the microstructures. Numerical method was used to examine the influence of materials' type and LENS TM process parameters on the forming of the specific microstructures from thermodynamics and fluid dynamics point of view. Samples of 316L stainless steel were examined, microstructures of samples were used to estimate the corresponding cooling rate, and the cooling rate was compared with the results of three different levels of simplified models.

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Fabrication of carbide-particle-reinforced titanium aluminide-matrix composites by laser-engineered net shaping

Cited by 72 publications

References 15 publications

The Influence of Ni-Coated TiC on Laser-Deposited IN625 Metal Matrix Composites

The Influence of Ni-Coated TiC on Laser-Deposited IN625 Metal Matrix Composites

An Overview of Laser Engineered Net Shaping of Ceramics

A Numerical Study of a Cooling Ratio for Laser Based Prototyping Technology with a Sample of 316l Stainless Steel

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