Fabrication of Channeled and Three-Dimensional Electrodes for the Integrated Capture and Detection of Invasive Circulating Tumor Cells during Hematogenous Metastasis

Abstract

Hematogenous metastasis is the main route of cancer spreading, causing majority death of cancer patients. During this process, platelets in the blood are found increasingly essential to promote hematogenous metastasis by forming plateletinteracted circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Hence, we aim to fabricate an integrated method for the availability of capture and detection of such invasive CTCs. Specifically, a new form of channeled and conductive three-dimensional (3D) electrode is constructed by modifying a conductive layer and capture antibody on the templated and channeled poly(dimethylsiloxane) scaffold. The modified antibody enables the capture of the plateletinteracted CTC hybrid, while the conductive layer significantly facilitates electron transfer from electro-active signal molecules that are targeting platelets. Therefore, sensitive electrochemical detection of platelet-interacted CTCs has been realized. Efficient capture and sensitive detection have been demonstrated by this work. Additionally, dynamic analysis of patients' CTCs has also been conducted to provide accurate information about disease assessment and efficacy evaluation. The cut-off line was set as 5.15 nA based on the sample signals from healthy volunteers. Thus, stage III cancer patients with high risk of hematogenous metastasis have been identified. Together, this work shows the development of a new strategy for simultaneous capture and detection of the invasive CTC subtype form patient blood, which favors precise monitoring of hematogenous metastasis.

The integrated on-chip isolation and detection of circulating tumour cells

“…The adsorbed platelets activate the catalytic decomposition of H 2 O 2 mediated by specifically designed metalloporphyrin (cobalt hematoporphyrin). 163 While this study demonstrates a novel signal generation strategy in identifying patients at risk of hematogenous metastasis (as quantified by the increase in the number of platelet-interacted CTCs), it does not make any reference to the impact of background noise (due to nonspecific adsorption of platelets to the electrode surface) or explore the detection limits.…”

Dual-aptamer-based colorimetric assay for the accurate identification of circulating tumor cells via Fe3O4@Pt NP nanozymes and G-quadruplex/hemin for signal amplification

“…To date, diverse CTC detection strategies based on antibodies, 14,15 aptamers, [16][17][18] polypeptides, 19,20 folic acid, 21 and hyaluronic acid 22 have been proposed. Among them, the aptamer-based method has attracted much attention.…”