Fabrication of clay soil/CuFe2O4 nanocomposite toward improving energy and shielding efficiency of buildings

Abstract

In this research, the energy and shielding efficiency of brick, fabricated by clay soil, as a practical building material was reinforced using CuFe2O4 nanoparticles. Initially, the nanoparticles were fabricated using the sol–gel method and then loaded in the brick matrix as a guest. The architected samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), diffuse reflection spectroscopy (DRS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms, and vector network analyzer (VNA) analyses. IR absorption of the tailored samples was monitored under an IR source using an IR thermometer. IR absorption and energy band gap attested that inserting the nanoparticles in brick medium led to the acceleration of a warming brick, desirable for energy efficiency in cold climates. It is worth noting that the brick/CuFe2O4 nanocomposite achieved a strong reflection loss (RL) of 58.54 dB and gained an efficient bandwidth as wide as 4.22 GHz (RL > 10 dB) with a thickness of 2.50 mm, meanwhile it shielded more than 58% of the electromagnetic waves at X-band by only a filler loading of 10 wt%. The microwave absorbing and shielding characteristics of the composite are mainly originated from conductive loss, electron hopping, natural and exchange resonance, relaxation loss, secondary fields, as well as eddy current loss. Interestingly, the shielding property of the nanocomposite was significantly generated from its absorbing features, reducing the secondary electromagnetic pollutions produced by the shielding materials applying the impedance mismatching mechanism.

Oleaster seed-derived activated carbon/ferrite nanocomposite for microwave absorption in the X-band range

“…The peaks at 2,922.07 and 2,854.04 cm −1 are ascribed to the symmetric and asymmetric stretching vibrations of C-H existing in the unsaturated structure after the pyrolysis route. The stretching vibrations of Fe-O in octahedral and tetrahedral sites in the spinel structure were confirmed by the peaks observed at 573.18 and 445.23 cm −1 (Wu et al, 2015;Song et al, 2017;Gao et al, 2019;Sekar et al, 2019;Peymanfar and Moradi, 2020;Peymanfar et al, 2021b;Keykavous-Amand and Peymanfar, 2021;Peymanfar and Ghorbanian-Gezaforodi, 2021). The FTIR spectra and X-ray diffraction curves testify that the crystalline phase of spinel ferrite and conjugated carbon-based structure formed.…”

“…Moreover, electromagnetic waves deal with various military and civilian fields. Thus, electromagnetic wave absorbing materials are used in many new and advanced routes of safety, stealth, and engineering technologies, such as fighter jets that require reconnaissance missions without intrusion signs, wearable electronic devices that function to mimic human sensory characteristics, building materials mitigating electromagnetic pollutions, and so on (Gao et al, 2018;Peymanfar et al, 2021a;Keykavous-Amand and Peymanfar, 2021). Accordingly, the discovery of electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials is of vast importance in both military and civilian fields (Pang et al, 2017).…”

Regulation binary electromagnetic filler networks in segregated poly(vinylidenefluoride) composite for absorption‐dominated electromagnetic interference shielding

“…59 Moreover, the exchange resonance, eddy currents, and natural resonance of magnetic particles were strongly associated with an excellent EMI of the PVDF-Fe 3 O 4 -RGC composites. 1,60 The cell-like structure (Figures 1b and 3a) was another crucial factor for an excellent EMI SE. The incident EMW was repeatedly reflected and dispersed by the layered composite in the binary electromagnetic filling network.…”

“…However, it has also generated a large amount of artificial electromagnetic radiation, which has caused biophysical and biochemical changes within the biological tissues, as well as harmful interferences with precision devices. [1][2][3] The electromagnetic shielding interference (EMI) materials are very vital and urgent. 4,5 Conducting polymers include conductive polymer composites (CPCs) and intrinsic conductive polymer materials like polypyrrole (PPy), [6][7][8] polyaniline (PAN), [9][10][11][12] polyacetylene (PA), intrinsic conductive polymer materials (with an excellent conductivity that is used in stored energy and sensing materials), and EMI materials.…”

“…The rapid development of electronic technology has brought convenience into our daily lives. However, it has also generated a large amount of artificial electromagnetic radiation, which has caused biophysical and biochemical changes within the biological tissues, as well as harmful interferences with precision devices 1–3 . The electromagnetic shielding interference (EMI) materials are very vital and urgent 4,5 …”