Fabrication of Composite Hydrogels Based on Soy Protein Isolate and their Controlled Globular Protein Delivery

Abstract

Soy protein isolate (SPI) protein/polymer composite hydrogels (PPCGs) are fabricated in a urea solution of SPI using acrylic acid as monomer, ammonium persulphate (APS) as initiator, and N,N‐methylenebisacrylamide (BIS) and glutaraldehyde (GA) as cross‐linking agents. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) results show that SPI/polyacrylic (PAA) composite hydrogels formed network structure. In particular, in the absence of cross‐linking agent (GA), the network structure of composite hydrogels is also formed by BIS cross‐linking chains of PAA and the hydrophobic interactions between peptides from SPI and chain of PAA. In addition, composite hydrogels have good water absorption and present excellent pH sensitivity. Composite hydrogels adsorb bovine serum albumin (BSA) with higher adsorption capacity. BSA is the control released in pH 7.4 buffers and the accumulative release ratio achieved is 90%. It will be expected that these protein/polymer composite hydrogels could be applied for drug sustained release materials.

Crosslinkers for polysaccharides and proteins: Synthesis conditions, mechanisms, and crosslinking efficiency, a review

“…Maximum SD values were achieved at 70 °C, 210 min of reaction time, and pH 7.0; at this pH alginate carboxylic groups are deprotonated. The morphology and mechanical properties of resulting hydrogels can be affected by biopolymer:monomer ratio, as reported by He and collaborators [158]. They produced a soy protein isolate/poly-AAc composite hydrogel with different soy protein:poly-AAc ratios via MBA crosslinking.…”

“…The N,N-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) is a bifunctional molecule well-known for producing hydrogels based on acrylic acid (AAc) and acrylamide (ACL) [157]. However, in the last years, a lot of researches have been focused on the synthesis of hybrid materials based on polysaccharides, proteins, and monomers crosslinked via MBA, such as soy protein/AAc [158], gum acacia/alginate/AAc [159], alginate/chitosan/ACL [160], and Gel/Dextrin/ACL [161]. These materials are commonly prepared by free-radical polymerization (FRP), in which free radicals are triggered by a stimulus such as light, voltage, mechanical force, or chemical initiation [162,163].…”

Soy Protein-Based Hydrogel under Microwave-Induced Grafting of Acrylic Acid and 4-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)butanoic Acid: A Potential Vehicle for Controlled Drug Delivery in Oral Cavity Bacterial Infections

“…At pH below the isoelectric point (pH 4.5) of SPI, the peptide chains of SPI, hydrophilic groups COOH and OH of AA, and HPBA chains attached to the backbone of SPI carried net positive charge, which reduce the association of peptide chains as well as deprotonation of COOH and therefore resulted in reduced hydrophilicity and hence very less swelling ratio at acidic pH (1.2). 53 However, SPI- g -AA is a cross-linked polymer network, and the presence of acidic groups showed a faster swelling rate and higher percentage of swelling in basic medium as compared to acidic pH. The pH-responsive acidic groups of the SPI- g -AA hydrogel facilitated the diffusion of water into the hydrogel network.…”

“…The overall reduced swelling ratio as compared to SPI- g -AA was attributed to overstock cross-linking density, which has influenced the swelling ratio. 53 The gradual swelling capacity in alkaline media made the synthesized hydrogels significantly important in the targeted and controlled drug delivery system in pH 7.4 of oral cavity. The above observations were strengthened by the topology of SEM and TEM.…”

Molecular Functionality of Plant Proteins from Low- to High-Solid Systems with Ligand and Co-Solute

“…It was rapid, within four hours, reaching equilibrium in the next eight hours without matrix degradation. This release profile of protein cargo was suitable for drug delivery in medical remedy [146,156].…”