Fabrication of (Cu,Ag)2SnS3 thin films by sulfurization for solar cells

Nakashima, Mitsuki; Hatayama, Koichi; Yamaguchi, Toshiyuki; Araki, Hideki; Nakamura, Shigeyuki; Seto, Shûichi; Akaki, Yoji; Sasano, Junji; Izaki, Masanobu

doi:10.1016/j.tsf.2017.09.010

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Moreover, two steps of the sharp optical absorptions around 1200 nm and 1300 nm were seen. This phenomenon was observed in the results of our previous reports on pure CTS and CATS . Furthermore, similar results were reported by other CTS research groups .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…(Cu,Ag) 2 ZnSnS 4 and (Cu,Ag) 2 ZnSnSe 4 , which incorporate Ag for CZTS and CZTSe, have band‐gap energies ranging from 1.49 eV to 2.01 eV, and from 0.98 eV to 1.34 eV, respectively . In our previous work, we fabricated (Cu,Ag) 2 SnS 3 (CATS) thin‐film solar cells, which incorporated Ag into CTS by sulfurization using NaF addition precursors, and the band‐gap energy was found to increase with increasing quantity of the added Ag; it ranged from 0.928 eV to 0.934 eV . In addition, alkaline metal doping is an important technique for improving the cell performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of KF Addition to (Cu,Ag)₂SnS₃ Thin Films Prepared by Sulfurization Process

Nakashima

Hirano

Yamaguchi

et al. 2019

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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(Cu,Ag)2SnS3 thin films and solar cells are prepared by sulfurization of KF/Sn/(Cu + Ag) stacked precursors in a sulfur and tin mixing atmosphere. Their properties are investigated. Stacked KF/Sn/(Cu + Ag) precursors are deposited on Mo/soda lime glass substrate by sequential evaporation of Cu + Ag, Sn elements, and KF. The molar ratios of the evaporation materials are held constant at (Cu + Ag):Sn = 1.0:0.6 and Ag/(Cu + Ag) = 0.05, and the KF/Cu molar ratio is changed from 0 to 0.05. The precursors are crystallized by annealing for 30 min at 570 °C in a sulfur and tin mixing atmosphere. The compositions are approximately constant, and the dependence of the composition ratio on the KF addition quantity is not observed. For all samples, the X‐ray diffraction patterns and the Raman spectra corresponding to CATS are obtained. The values of Voc increased with increasing KF/Cu molar ratio until KF/Cu = 0.03. The best solar cell in this study showed a Voc of 248 mV.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of KF Addition to (Cu,Ag)₂SnS₃ Thin Films Prepared by Sulfurization Process

Nakashima

Hirano

Yamaguchi

et al. 2019

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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“…The S/metal ratios slightly decreased as the thickness of the Ag layer increased. In one of our previous papers, we reported that the solubility of Ag in CTS is limited at ≈5%, and therefore, it appeared that the 100–200 nm layers would be too thick to fabricate CATS solid solutions. Furthermore, the Cu/Sn ratio significantly decreased as the Ag content increased, but we were able to maintain it at the desirable value of 1.7 for all samples in this study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Another approach to increase the E g value of CTS is to partially replace Cu atoms in CTS with Ag because Ag 2 SnS 3 (ATS) features an E g of 1.26 eV, which is wider than that of CTS . In some of our previous studies, we have fabricated (Cu,Ag) 2 SnS 3 (CATS) thin films and solar cells featuring various Ag/(Ag + Cu) ratios and the constant starting material (Ag + Cu)/Sn ratio of 1.67. The sample featuring the Ag/(Cu + Ag) ratio of 0.42 exhibited the E g , PCE, and V OC of 0.933 eV, 0.61%, and 257 mV, respectively, while the corresponding values for the sample featuring the Ag/(Cu + Ag) ratio of 0.035 were 0.934 eV, 4.07%, and 244 mV, respectively .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some of our previous studies, we have fabricated (Cu,Ag) 2 SnS 3 (CATS) thin films and solar cells featuring various Ag/(Ag + Cu) ratios and the constant starting material (Ag + Cu)/Sn ratio of 1.67. The sample featuring the Ag/(Cu + Ag) ratio of 0.42 exhibited the E g , PCE, and V OC of 0.933 eV, 0.61%, and 257 mV, respectively, while the corresponding values for the sample featuring the Ag/(Cu + Ag) ratio of 0.035 were 0.934 eV, 4.07%, and 244 mV, respectively . We have determined that Ag was no longer incorporated above a certain point, which was the Ag/(Ag + Cu) ratio of 0.05, since for this CATS solar cell, the increase in E g , and hence, V OC was limited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation of (Cu,Ag)₂SnS₃ Thin‐Film Solar Cells by Sulfurizing Metal Precursors Featuring Various Ag Contents

Nakamura

Eang

Yamaguchi

et al. 2019

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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To enlarge the bandgap of Cu2SnS3 (CTS), Ag‐incorporating CTS thin films are successfully deposited by sulfurizing Ag‐Cu‐Sn precursors featuring various Ag contents and the constant Cu/Sn ratio of 1.75, which is the optimal value for CTS thin‐film solar cells. To control the Ag content of the films, the thickness of the Ag layers of the precursors is varied from 0 to 200 nm, which corresponds to the Ag/(Ag + Cu) ratio of the films varying from 0 to 0.32. The films featuring Ag/(Ag + Cu) ratios smaller than 0.16 are solid solutions of CTS and Ag2SnS3, that is, (Cu,Ag)2SnS3 (CATS), while the film featuring the Ag/(Ag + Cu) ratio of 0.32 appears to be a mixture of CATS and Ag‐Sn‐S related crystals, such as Ag8SnS6. The grain size and bandgap increase as the Ag/(Ag + Cu) ratio increases up to 0.16. The highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 3.6% is obtained for the cell featuring the Ag/(Ag + Cu) ratio of 0.08. The highest open cell voltage (VOC) for the CATS thin‐film solar cells is obtained to be 0.284 mV. However, the improvement in PCE is attributed to the increase in the short‐circuit current density and fill factor of the cell rather than the increase in VOC.

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Silver‐Doped Cu₂(Sn,Ge)S₃ Solar Cells

Ito

Nishimura

Chantana

et al. 2023

Physica Rapid Research Ltrs

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Herein, the usefulness of silver (Ag)‐doping into Cu2(Sn,Ge)S3 (CTGS) solar cells is demonstrated. From an observation via a field emission scanning electron microscope, grain growth promotion of the CTGS thin films by Ag‐doping is revealed. It is found that undesirable defects are suppressed by an adequate Ag‐dopant amount, resulting in reduced nonradiative recombination in photoluminescence spectra for the Ag‐doped CTGS films. For the CTGS solar cell devices, Ag‐doping into the CTGS absorbers mainly improves the short‐circuit current density and open‐circuit voltage. Finally, 3.2%‐efficient Ag‐doped CTGS solar cell is obtained at [Ag]/([Ag] + [Cu]) ratio of 0.05. It is believed that these findings will help to realize the highest efficiency for the CTGS solar cells.

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Fabrication of (Cu,Ag)2SnS3 thin films by sulfurization for solar cells

Cited by 14 publications

References 24 publications

Effect of KF Addition to (Cu,Ag)₂SnS₃ Thin Films Prepared by Sulfurization Process

Effect of KF Addition to (Cu,Ag)₂SnS₃ Thin Films Prepared by Sulfurization Process

Preparation of (Cu,Ag)₂SnS₃ Thin‐Film Solar Cells by Sulfurizing Metal Precursors Featuring Various Ag Contents

Silver‐Doped Cu₂(Sn,Ge)S₃ Solar Cells

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Fabrication of (Cu,Ag)2SnS3 thin films by sulfurization for solar cells

Cited by 14 publications

References 24 publications

Effect of KF Addition to (Cu,Ag)2SnS3 Thin Films Prepared by Sulfurization Process

Effect of KF Addition to (Cu,Ag)2SnS3 Thin Films Prepared by Sulfurization Process

Preparation of (Cu,Ag)2SnS3 Thin‐Film Solar Cells by Sulfurizing Metal Precursors Featuring Various Ag Contents

Silver‐Doped Cu2(Sn,Ge)S3 Solar Cells

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Product

Resources

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Effect of KF Addition to (Cu,Ag)₂SnS₃ Thin Films Prepared by Sulfurization Process

Effect of KF Addition to (Cu,Ag)₂SnS₃ Thin Films Prepared by Sulfurization Process

Preparation of (Cu,Ag)₂SnS₃ Thin‐Film Solar Cells by Sulfurizing Metal Precursors Featuring Various Ag Contents

Silver‐Doped Cu₂(Sn,Ge)S₃ Solar Cells