“…7–12 However, some pollutants, such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), which include synthetic endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), have garnered significant attention due to their high toxicity and adverse effects on the environment and human health. 13–15 Among them, bisphenol A (BPA), also known as 4,4-dihydroxy-2,2-diphenylpropane, is classified as an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC). 16,17 It is widely employed in the plastic industry as a monomer for manufacturing polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins, flame retardants, unsaturated polyester resins, polyacrylate, polyetherimide and resins.…”