Fabrication of Electroplated Nickel Composite Films Using Cellulose Nanofibers Introduced with Carboxy Groups as Co-Deposited Materials

Iioka, Makoto; Kawanabe, W.; Kobayashi, Tatsuya; Shohji, Ikuo; Sakamoto, Kouta

doi:10.3390/surfaces6020012

Cited by 3 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Figure 6 shows the appearance of the plated films. As in previous studies [ 2 , 3 , 4 ], the plated film without CNF was matte, and the plated film with CNF was bright, while the plated film with CNF showed uneven brightness under the conditions where 2 and 3 g/L of CNF were added.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

“…In this study, Ni–cellulose nanofiber composite electroplated films were fabricated on steel plates using a nickel electroplating solution with the addition of cellulose nanofibers. The plating process was mainly based on previous studies [ 2 , 3 , 4 ], and the range of 1–3 g/L for the addition of cellulose nanofiber was also determined based on our previous study [ 4 ]. The obtained plated films were evaluated in terms of surface morphology, quantitative analysis, surface hardness, and Ni crystallite size.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Relationship between placement position of plated material and direction of agitation flow as viewed from top of beaker [ 2 ]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have been developing a new functional coating, a nickel (Ni)–cellulose nanofiber composite electroplated film, with sustainable properties [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Dispersion enhancement and self-lubricating properties are expected to be achieved by compounding cellulose nanofibers, which are renewable resources obtained from plants, are five times stronger than steel at one-fifth of the density, and are crystalline resin [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As described above, Ni–cellulose nanofiber composite electroplated films have many advantages in terms of sustainability and a low environmental load. In our previous studies [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ], their fabrication conditions were investigated and revealed; however, their wear resistance has not yet been evaluated. Therefore, in order to evaluate the wear resistance and clarify the abrasion mechanism, the properties of Ni–cellulose nanofiber composite films plated on steels were investigated, and ball-on-disk abrasion tests under non-lubricated (dry) conditions and an analysis of the macro- and micro-structures of abrasion scars were conducted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Evaluation of the Wear Resistance of Electroplated Nickel Coatings Composited with 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibers

Iioka,

Kawanabe,

Tsujimura

et al. 2024

Polymers

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In this study, the wear resistance of nickel (Ni)–cellulose nanofiber (CNF) composite electroplated films on steel plates (JIS SPCC, cold-rolled steel) was evaluated, including their surface and microstructural properties. In the CNF sample, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO)-oxidized CNF was used. As a result of the ball-on-disk abrasion test, in which steel (SUJ2) balls were used as the counterpart material, the plated film obtained with the addition of 1 g/L of CNF to the plating solution showed the highest wear resistance in this study. Compared to the conventional Ni-plated film without CNF, the abrasion loss volume on the plated side was reduced by approximately 79%, and that on the ball side was reduced remarkably by 94%. A microstructural analysis of the abrasion scars showed areas where co-deposited CNFs were stretched in the direction of abrasion, suggesting that the wear reduction effect was caused by sliding between the individual CNFs within the aggregates. Moreover, the hardness of the plated film increased when the Ni crystallite size became finer. It was confirmed that the co-deposition of fine CNFs is effective in improving hardness, whereas the co-deposition of a certain degree of aggregated CNFs is effective in exhibiting the wear reduction effect.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 68%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Relationship between placement position of plated material and direction of agitation flow as viewed from top of beaker [ 2 ]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Evaluation of the Wear Resistance of Electroplated Nickel Coatings Composited with 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibers

Iioka,

Kawanabe,

Tsujimura

et al. 2024

Polymers

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Application of Metal Sputtering Treatment to Cellulose Materials Used as Co-Deposited Material for Electrolytic Nickel Composite Plating

IIOKA,

KAWANABE,

KOBAYASHI

et al. 2023

QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN WELDING SOCIETY

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Since ancient days, pulpwood, which is a fibrillated plant fiber, has been used as a raw material for paper products 1,2) . In recent years, there has been a growing trend toward the industrial use of cellulose fiber which is obtained from renewable resources, plants due to the new sustainable development policies 3,4) . The annual production of plants derived cellulose on the Earth is estimated to be 7.5×10 10 -1.5×10 12 tons [5][6][7][8] , making it a highly sustainable resource. Especially, the cellulose fiber that has been fibrillated to the nanoscale is called cellulose nanofiber (CNF), which has been attracting attention for its excellent properties [9][10][11] . Although its density (1.5-1.6 g/cm 3 ) 12) is 1/5 times lower than that of steel, the strength of a single nanofiber in the longitudinal direction reaches 1.6-3 GPa 13) . This value is approximately five times in maximum the tensile strength of JIS S50C (610-740 MPa), which is a commonly used for structural steel. CNF is able to be used as reinforcement in composite materials with polymers to enhance their mechanical, thermal, and biodegradation properties 14) . CNF composited polymers have shown better mechanical performance compared to the base polymer, making them suitable for various industries 15) such as automotive 16) , packaging 17) , medical implant 18) , electronics [19][20][21] , building material 22) , and paper 23) . On the other hand, there are very few reports on composite materials with cellulose added to metal-based matrices, with only a few examples being the addition of CNF to sintered metal materials by Kurita et al. 24) and Osada et al. 25) Therefore, we have proposed and studied the fabrication of metal-based CNF composite films by a electrolytic composite plating method 26,27) . Further improvement of wear resistance due to the intervention of CNF is expected by compositing CNF into nickel (Ni) plated film which is widely used industrially for its superior corrosion, wear, and heat resistance. In addition, when Ni-CNF plating is applied to the surface treatment of electronic substrate electrodes, the presence of CNF, which is chemically stable and has a low linear thermal expansion coefficient, is expected to suppress the formation of intermetallic compound (IMC) between solder/electrode and relieve thermal stress.

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Investigation of Effects of Electroplating Conditions on TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofiber Composited Nickel Electroplated Films

Iioka,

Kawanabe,

Kobayashi

et al. 2023

MSF

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The effects of plating conditions on nickel (Ni) electroplated films composited with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO)-oxidized CNFs (CNFs) were investigated. Plating experiments were performed by varying the amount of CNFs added to the Watt's bath, the current density, and the stirring speed. The plated film obtained at 3 g/L, 2.5 A/cm2, and 300 rpm of them respectively, reached an average 483 HV of the surface hardness, which was the highest in this study. The surface hardness of the conventional Ni film without CNFs plated under the same conditions was an average of 239 HV, and the hardness improvement effect was more than twice as high. The hardness improvement effect due to dispersion enhancement tended to increase as more CNFs were more finely and densely composited into the Ni film, although different trends were observed when the current density was varied.

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Fabrication of Electroplated Nickel Composite Films Using Cellulose Nanofibers Introduced with Carboxy Groups as Co-Deposited Materials

Cited by 3 publications

References 35 publications

An Evaluation of the Wear Resistance of Electroplated Nickel Coatings Composited with 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibers

An Evaluation of the Wear Resistance of Electroplated Nickel Coatings Composited with 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibers

Application of Metal Sputtering Treatment to Cellulose Materials Used as Co-Deposited Material for Electrolytic Nickel Composite Plating

Investigation of Effects of Electroplating Conditions on TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofiber Composited Nickel Electroplated Films

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