Fabrication of exfoliated graphite reinforced silicone rubber composites - Mechanical, tribological and dielectric properties

Sarath, Pampayil Sasikumar; Samson, Sohil Varghese; Reghunath, Rakesh; Pandey, Mrituanjay Kumar; Haponiuk, Józef T.; Thomas, Sabu; George, Soney C.

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2020.106601

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In this case, according to Kraus’ theory, the higher the negative slope is, the better the polymer–filler interaction and reinforcement are for the filler and the polymer matrix in polymer composites. In Figure 6 , the slope is 0.95 for 3 phr expanded graphite (EG) and 0.83 for 15 phr EG in the SR matrix, indicating good reinforcement of the SR matrix by EG [ 95 ]. It can also be concluded that as the reinforcement increases, the degree of stress transfer from the polymer chains of the SR matrix to the EG particles increases, which, in turn, results in an increase in the constraint zone in the polymer chains of the SR matrix.…”

Section: Processing Of Sr/carbon-nanofiller-based Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, by adding 2 wt% GNR to the SR matrix, the tensile strength increased to 0.40 MPa, the fracture strain decreased to 78%, and the Young’s modulus increased to 0.85 MPa [ 104 ]. Sarath et al [ 95 ] also showed that the addition of EG to the SR matrix improved the mechanical properties. For instance, with 7 phr EG in the SR matrix, the tensile strength increased to 6.8 MPa, the fracture strain increased to 221%, the Young’s modulus at 100% strain increased to 3.86 MPa, the tear strength increased to 30.2 Newton-millimeter (N·mm), and the hardness increased to 65 [ 95 ].…”

Section: Properties Of Sr/carbon-nanofiller-based Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At a lower load, the COF was high and the specific wear rate was lower because lower loads were unable to break the EG–SR interfacial interaction in the composites. As the applied load was increased to 30 Newton (N), there was a drastic decrease in the COF and an exponential increase in the wear rate [ 95 ]. At higher loads, the interfacial interaction between EG and SR broke, which led to a decrease in the COF and an increase in the wear rate.…”

Section: Properties Of Sr/carbon-nanofiller-based Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The composite with a low sliding velocity (1 m/s) exhibited a higher COF and wear rate than that with a higher sliding velocity (5 m/s). Here, it was observed that 7 phr EG was the optimum value [ 95 ]. When the composites were studied under rotation at a low sliding velocity, effective contact between the SR and counter face occurred.…”

Section: Properties Of Sr/carbon-nanofiller-based Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Less time was needed to form EG films, if they were generated at all; if films were generated, the higher sliding velocity affected the films’ ability to remain between rubbing surfaces. In conclusion, the wear rate and COF are significantly affected by the addition of EG, the sliding velocity, and the applied load [ 95 ]. Moreover, temperature also affects the COF, wear rate, and wear mechanism.…”

Section: Properties Of Sr/carbon-nanofiller-based Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Silicone Rubber Composites Reinforced by Carbon Nanofillers and Their Hybrids for Various Applications: A Review

et al. 2021

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Without fillers, rubber types such as silicone rubber exhibit poor mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. Carbon black (CB) is traditionally used as a filler in the rubber matrix to improve its properties, but a high content (nearly 60 per hundred parts of rubber (phr)) is required. However, this high content of CB often alters the viscoelastic properties of the rubber composite. Thus, nowadays, nanofillers such as graphene (GE) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are used, which provide significant improvements to the properties of composites at as low as 2–3 phr. Nanofillers are classified as those fillers consisting of at least one dimension below 100 nanometers (nm). In the present review paper, nanofillers based on carbon nanomaterials such as GE, CNT, and CB are explored in terms of how they improve the properties of rubber composites. These nanofillers can significantly improve the properties of silicone rubber (SR) nanocomposites and have been useful for a wide range of applications, such as strain sensing. Therefore, carbon-nanofiller-reinforced SRs are reviewed here, along with advancements in this research area. The microstructures, defect densities, and crystal structures of different carbon nanofillers for SR nanocomposites are characterized, and their processing and dispersion are described. The dispersion of the rubber composites was reported through atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of these nanofillers on the mechanical (compressive modulus, tensile strength, fracture strain, Young’s modulus, glass transition), thermal (thermal conductivity), and electrical properties (electrical conductivity) of SR nanocomposites is also discussed. Finally, the application of the improved SR nanocomposites as strain sensors according to their filler structure and concentration is discussed. This detailed review clearly shows the dependency of SR nanocomposite properties on the characteristics of the carbon nanofillers.

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Section: Processing Of Sr/carbon-nanofiller-based Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Properties Of Sr/carbon-nanofiller-based Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Properties Of Sr/carbon-nanofiller-based Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Properties Of Sr/carbon-nanofiller-based Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Properties Of Sr/carbon-nanofiller-based Nanocompositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Silicone Rubber Composites Reinforced by Carbon Nanofillers and Their Hybrids for Various Applications: A Review

et al. 2021

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Fabrication, characterization and properties of silane functionalized graphene oxide/silicone rubber nanocomposites

Sarath

Thomas

Haponiuk

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this work, octadecyl trichlorosilane (ODTS) was used to modify the surface of graphene oxide. Further, varied concentrations of silane‐modified graphene oxide were used to make silicone rubber nanocomposite. The mechanical, thermal, and tribological properties of the composite were studied. The results showed that a small amount of silane‐modified graphene oxide significantly increased the mechanical and tribological performances. Under dry sliding, silane‐modified graphene oxide to the silicone matrix significantly reduced wear and friction properties. Nanocomposites have a lower wear rate than neat silicone rubber; their friction coefficient is almost 36% less than pure silicone rubber: the higher the load and temperature conditions, the more significant the difference in friction and properties. Wear mechanisms were revealed by scanning electron micrographs of the worn surface. The transfer film formation on the counter surface and acceptable wear debris improved the nanocomposites friction and wear resistance characteristics.

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Study the synergistic effect of fumed silica and reduced graphene oxide insertion on the thermal, mechanical, tribological, and solvent transport properties of silicone rubber nanocomposites

Sarath

Pahovnik

Utroša

et al. 2022

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This study explored the effects of hybrid nanofillers such as fumed silica (FSiO 2 ) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) on the mechanical, thermal, solvent transport, and tribological properties of silicone rubber nanocomposite (QMSirGO). A pin-on-disc test system was used to investigate the friction and wear properties of QMSirGO nanocomposites, which were significantly influenced by the applied load, temperature, and rGO concentration. Study shows that better graphene oxide dispersion in the matrix paved the way for improved tensile and dynamic mechanical properties and lowered the coefficient of friction and specific wear rate (Ws) values. Compared to silicone rubber (QM), the friction coefficient of the QMSirGO1.5 composite was reduced by around 40%. The mechanism involves the formation of a lubricant layer, which smooths the material surface that comes into contact with the metal surface. In the solvent transport study, we investigated the effect of solvents' structure, molecular size, filler concentration, and the transport mechanism of composites, and the extent of reinforcement was evaluated using Kraus equations. K E Y W O R D Sfriction, mechanical properties, thermal properties, wear and lubrication | INTRODUCTIONSilicone rubber (QM) has distinctive qualities originating from its unique molecular structure. 1 It has been widely employed to substitute petrochemical goods in various companies, including aerospace, automobiles, construction, electronics, medical, and food processing. The unique hydrogen bonding interactions among silica surfaces, silanol groups, and the polydimethylsiloxane chain significantly impact this interaction coefficient. [2][3][4][5][6] Graphene is a two-dimensional substance with outstanding electron transport, mechanical properties, and a large surface area that has attracted scientific attention. 5 Graphene has also been considered a strategic candidate to strengthen polymeric materials for a wide variety of uses such as structures, automotive, filtration, packaging, electronics, aerospace, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, and so on. [6][7][8][9][10] Stacked graphene materials have piqued researchers due to their anti-friction, anti-wear, and good self-lubricating qualities. In earlier research, we

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Fabrication of exfoliated graphite reinforced silicone rubber composites - Mechanical, tribological and dielectric properties

Cited by 29 publications

References 31 publications

Silicone Rubber Composites Reinforced by Carbon Nanofillers and Their Hybrids for Various Applications: A Review

Silicone Rubber Composites Reinforced by Carbon Nanofillers and Their Hybrids for Various Applications: A Review

Fabrication, characterization and properties of silane functionalized graphene oxide/silicone rubber nanocomposites

Study the synergistic effect of fumed silica and reduced graphene oxide insertion on the thermal, mechanical, tribological, and solvent transport properties of silicone rubber nanocomposites

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