Fabrication of flexible ITO-free OLED using vapor-treated PEDOT:PSS thin film as anode

Contribution of O2 plasma treatment and amine modified GOs on film properties of conductive PEDOT:PSS: Application in indium tin oxide free solution processed blue OLED

“…Strong screening effects of these solvents, those of which weaken the electrostatic interactions between the positively charged PEDOT and negatively charged PSS groups, results in a conformational change in PEDOT chains and thereby increase the conductivity of PH1000 films significantly [14]. The contribution of ionic liquids, anionic surfactants, co-solvents, acids, ultrasound and also some post-treatment methods on the conductivity enhancement were also reported by several groups [3,11,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]; for now, acid (especially H 2 SO 4 ) treatment seems to take the field [3,21,22]. Recently, O 2 plasma treatment was introduced as an alternative procedure and without the aid of high polarity solvent and acid treatment, promising low resistivity values (36Ω/sq) were obtained.…”

“…However, some critical drawbacks of ITO such as intrinsic brittleness, high cost and need for high vacuum and temperature for its production, motivate the researchers on developing alternative materials to replace it [1]. Conductive polymers [2,3], carbon nanotubes [4,5], graphene and its derivatives [6][7][8], metal nanowires [9] and grids [10] represent the widely investigated electrode materials. Excellent mechanical flexibility, low-cost and solution-processability of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) make it a predominant candidate to replace ITO [11,12].…”

Citric acid modified semi-embedded silver nanowires/colorless polyimide transparent conductive substrates for efficient flexible perovskite solar cells

“…[7][8][9] The drawbacks of ITO have promoted the search for alternative exible transparent conductive lms. Among the various exible transparent conductive lms available, such as carbon nanotube, 10,11 graphene, 12,13 conductive polymer and metallic nanowires, [14][15][16][17] silver nanowires (AgNWs)-based transparent conductive lms have been regarded as the most promising candidates due to their low sheet resistance, high transmittance, excellent mechanical exibility and solution processability. [18][19][20] However, AgNWs-based transparent conductive lms still suffer from high surface roughness caused by the random distribution and overlapping of AgNWs in their lms, which can lead to device performance degradation or even device short circuit.…”

A comparative approach to enhance the electrical performance of PEDOT:PSS as transparent electrode for organic solar cells

“…9 However, such disadvantages as high-temperature processes, vacuum conditions, decreasing of indium resources, the requirement of acid processes, surface roughness, and brittleness when it is bent 10 -12 have forced the researchers to find alternatives to ITO. Carbon nanotubes, 8,13,14 carbon-based materials like graphenes, 15 -17 conductive polymers, 18,19,3 -6,20 -38 metal grids, 39 -41 nanowires, 42 -44 semitransparent metal layers, 45,46 metal oxides, 47,48 and combination of these materials can be given as examples for alternatives to ITO. These materials are indispensable materials for optoelectronic devices as transparent electrodes.…”

“…49 There are numbers of reports in the literature to enhance the electrical conductivity of PEDOT:PSS by treating the PEDOT:PSS in the solution form or after the film production. 2 -6,20 -38,51,52 PEDOT:PSS polymer consists of PSS as a counter ion, which is nonconductive that enables to be easily dispersed the conductive and cationic PEDOT.…”