Fabrication of g-C3N4/transition metal (Fe, Co, Ni, Mn and Cr)-doped ZnO ternary composites: Excellent visible light active photocatalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants from wastewater

Integration of Mn-ZnFe2O4 with S-g-C3N4 for Boosting Spatial Charge Generation and Separation as an Efficient Photocatalyst

“…The better photocatalytic efficiency of the NC might be due to the development of good heterojunctions between ZnFe 2 O 4 and S-g-C 3 N 4 as compared to the previously reported composites. The Mn atoms may also facilitate the transportation and separation of the e − /h + in the composite [ 21 , 28 , 29 ]. Because the ZnFe 2 O 4 /50% S-g-C 3 N 4 NC was the most efficient photocatalyst, it was used in the recycling study.…”

“…However, the rapid recombination of photoinduced e − /h + pairs in g-C 3 N 4 makes it inappropriate for use as a photocatalyst [ 18 ]. Consequently, many attempts have been undertaken to overcome this constraint, including vacancy, heterojunction creation, and combining the g-C 3 N 4 with other metal oxides and nonmetals such as sulphur [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. S-doping modifies the band gap of g-C 3 N 4 and improves the mobility and separation of the e-h pairs by stacking its 2p orbitals on the VB of bulk g-C 3 N 4 [ 23 ].…”

Boosted spatial charge carrier separation of binary ZnFe2O4/S-g-C3N4 heterojunction for visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity and antimicrobial performance

“…The construction of hetero-junction photo-catalysts has been valued and improved photocatalytic activity by raising electric current at the interface and diminishing the recombination phenomena. This function is carried out by graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ), a metal-free photo-catalyst, that has gained interest in the fabrication of hetero-junctions owing to unique properties including excellent stability, faster charge transport and low fabrication cost (Dong et al, 2014;Chen et al, 2015;Kuriki et al, 2015;Liu et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2018;Liras et al, 2019;Qamar et al, 2021b;Sher et al, 2021b;Qamar et al, 2022). Despite advantages, properties such as weak π-π conjugated structures, low conductivity, less visible light utilization and small surface area have limited practical applications of g-C 3 N 4 (Zhang et al, 2016;Iqbal et al, 2020d).…”

Microwave-assisted synthesis of Ag/ZnO nanoparticles usingAverrhoa carambolafruit extract as the reducing agent and their application in cotton fabrics with antibacterial and UV-protection properties

“…Phytocompounds derived from plants, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, carotenoids, terpenoids, tannins, and chlorophyll, are employed as reducing and capping agents in the synthesis of ZnO NPs. 29 Extracts from different plants have been applied successfully in the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles, including Capparis decidua , 17 Crataegus monogyna fruit, 30 Carya illinoinensis leaf, 31 Azadirachta indica leaf, 32 and Trigonella oenum-graecum leaf. 33 However, to date, no study has reported the use of Averrhoa carambola fruit extract for the synthesis of Ag-doped ZnO composite using the microwave-assisted approach.…”

“…14 ZnO nanoparticles doped with metals, such as Ag, Li, Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, and Cr, have been used widely for improving the antibacterial activity and UV protection of textiles. [15][16][17] The nanocrystalline ZnO doped with Ag exhibited improved performance and activity and has, therefore, become a research hotspot in this eld. Ag-doping of nanoparticles alters the optical and electrical properties of the material, which has an impact on the UV protection property of the material.…”