Fabrication of High-Concentration and Stable Aqueous Suspensions of Graphene Nanosheets by Noncovalent Functionalization with Lignin and Cellulose Derivatives

Abstract

Stable aqueous suspensions of graphene (G) nanosheets with high concentration (0.6−2 mg/mL) were prepared through chemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide (EGO) with the aid of sodium lignosulfonate (SLS), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC), and pyrene-containing hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC-Py). The noncovalently functionalized graphene nanosheets with a 3.3 ± 1.4 nm average thickness were characterized with use of UV−vis spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, attenuated total reflectance micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy.

The Preparation of Graphene Oxide and Its Derivatives and Their Application in Bio-Tribological Systems

“…In recent years, many research papers concerning non-covalent functionalization of GO have been published and have provide great value to the study of graphene and GO-based materials for different applications [78][79][80][81][82][83][84].…”

The Prospective Two-Dimensional Graphene Nanosheets: Preparation, Functionalization and Applications

“…Natural polymers (lignin and cellulose derivatives) are adsorbed on the graphene surface by hydrophobic interaction and π-π stacking. Indeed, functionalized graphene can be kept in stable condition at high concentration (0.6-2 mg/mL) in water [38]. Sulfonated polyaniline ( Fig.…”

Graphene and derivatives – Synthesis techniques, properties and their energy applications

“…The conjugated polymers and aromatic compounds can be used to stabilise the rGO resulted from reduction reaction and can be used in the production of composite materials. The conjugated and aromatic polymers used are sulfonated polyaniline [77], conjugated polyelectrolyte [78], porphyrin [79] and cellulose derivatives [80]. The summary of advantages and disadvantages of various synthesis techniques is given in Table 1.…”