Fabrication of high resolution and lightweight monocrystalline silicon x-ray mirrors

Riveros, Raul E.; Kolos, Linette D.; Mazzarella, James R.; McKeon, Kevin P.; Zhang, William W.

doi:10.1117/12.2187584

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…The mirror substrate fabrication process, [19][20][21][22][23] shown in Fig. 2, starts with a commercially procured block of monocrystalline silicon, measuring 150 mm × 150 mm × 75 mm, shown in the upper-left panel.…”

Section: Mirror Substrate Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-resolution, lightweight, and low-cost x-ray optics for the Lynx observatory

Zhang

Allgood

Biskach

et al. 2019

J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst.

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We describe an approach to build an x-ray mirror assembly that can meet Lynx's requirements of high-angular resolution, large effective area, light weight, short production schedule, and low-production cost. Adopting a modular hierarchy, the assembly is composed of 37,492 mirror segments, each of which measures ∼100 mm × 100 mm × 0.5 mm. These segments are integrated into 611 modules, which are individually tested and qualified to meet both science performance and spaceflight environment requirements before they in turn are integrated into 12 metashells. The 12 metashells are then integrated to form the mirror assembly. This approach combines the latest precision polishing technology and the monocrystalline silicon material to fabricate the thin and lightweight mirror segments. Because of the use of commercially available equipment and material and because of its highly modular and hierarchical building-up process, this approach is highly amenable to automation and mass production to maximize production throughput and to minimize production schedule and cost. As of fall 2018, the basic elements of this approach, including substrate fabrication, coating, alignment, and bonding, have been validated by the successful building and testing of single-pair mirror modules. In the next few years, the many steps of the approach will be refined and perfected by repeatedly building and testing mirror modules containing progressively more mirror segments to fully meet science performance, spaceflight environments, as well as programmatic requirements of the Lynx mission and other proposed missions, such as AXIS. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported License. Distribution or reproduction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI.

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Section: Mirror Substrate Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-resolution, lightweight, and low-cost x-ray optics for the Lynx observatory

Zhang

Allgood

Biskach

et al. 2019

J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst.

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“…ATHENA 36 PSO 37 A polished mirror is sliced from a block of silicon followed by an etching, polishing, cutting, lightweight process. that the glass sheet can be separated from the mandrel freely after thermal slumping.…”

Section: Spo 36mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of imaging x-ray telescopes at Tongji University

Wang

Liao

Shen

et al. 2019

J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst.

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The imaging x-ray telescope (IXT) was first developed at the Institute of Precision Optical Engineering of Tongji University in 2007. Since then, we have made great progress on the development of mirror fabrication, coatings, and optic assembly. In this paper, we intend to provide an overview of the progress. Currently, we can routinely produce cylindrical mirror substrates with angular resolution of 30″ to 60″. To improve the effective area, coatings using C, Ni, and Pt layers were designed and achieved a high reflectivity at 0.5 to 10 keV. During the optic assembly, an in-situ measurement system and a three-dimensional ray-tracing program have been developed, thus guiding the assembly process in real time. Several prototypes have been fabricated, and one of them with 21 mirror layers was calibrated at the MPE PANTER x-ray test facility in Germany. The IXT prototype, with a focal length of 2052.5 mm, is characterized by a measured half-power diameter of 111″ and effective area of 39 cm 2 at 1.49 keV.

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“…In both techniques the desired surface profile is polished directly onto substrate. One of the techniques under development at Goddard Space Flight Center uses segmented substrates made from crystalline silicon [3], the other utilizes the full-shell approach. The latter utilizes substrates from fused silica (Astronomical Observatory of Brera, Italy) [4,5] or metal [6] (Marshall Space Flight Center.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a direct fabrication technique for full-shell x-ray optics

et al. 2016

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Future astrophysical missions will require fabrication technology capable of producing high angular resolution x-ray optics. A full-shell direct fabrication approach using modern robotic polishing machines has the potential for producing high resolution, light-weight and affordable x-ray mirrors that can be nested to produce large collecting area. This approach to mirror fabrication, based on the use of the metal substrates coated with nickel phosphorous alloy, is being pursued at MSFC. The design of the polishing fixtures for the direct fabrication, the surface figure metrology techniques used and the results of the polishing experiments are presented.

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Fabrication of high resolution and lightweight monocrystalline silicon x-ray mirrors

Cited by 6 publications

References 1 publication

High-resolution, lightweight, and low-cost x-ray optics for the Lynx observatory

High-resolution, lightweight, and low-cost x-ray optics for the Lynx observatory

Development of imaging x-ray telescopes at Tongji University

Development of a direct fabrication technique for full-shell x-ray optics

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