Fabrication of hydrogenase–cationic electrolyte biohybrids at interfaces and their electrochemical properties in Langmuir–Blodgett films

Pd(II)-Directed Encapsulation of Hydrogenase within the Layer-by-Layer Multilayers of Carbon Nanotube Polyelectrolyte Used as a Heterogeneous Catalyst for Oxidation of Hydrogen

“…Hydrogenases (H 2 ases) are the enzymes that can catalyze reversible two-electron interconversion of protons and molecular hydrogen with almost no overpotential and high efficiency. − Since their discovery and isolation from biological species, immobilization of H 2 ases on the electrodes has attracted great interest because it has potential applications for the development of biological fuel cells, hydrogen biosensors, and biohydrogen conversion devices, which can significantly improve hydrogen technology as an environmentally friendly energy source. − In the past decades, H 2 ase immobilizing techniques have been largely developed in order to improve the stability of H 2 ase on the electrode substrates and to increase electron transfer efficiency. − The traditional technique of casting film is a facile route to prepare modified electrodes; nevertheless, it has the occasional disadvantage of poor film stability. To overcome such a disadvantage, artificial polymers and nanomaterials have been combined with the enzyme and codeposited on the substrate surfaces. , Recently, molecular assembly techniques, such as Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films, self-assembled monolayers, and layer-by-layer (LBL) multilayers, have been used to immobilize the H 2 ase on the substrate surfaces at the molecular level. − Through these techniques, researchers can design and control the film composition, thickness, and, occasionally, orientation of H 2 ase on the substrate surfaces.…”