Fabrication of impedimetric sensor based on metallic nanoparticle for the determination of mesna anticancer drug

Abstract

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a highly effective technique for studying the surface of electrodes in great detail. EIS-based electrochemical sensors have been widely reported, which measure the charge transfer resistance (Rct) of redox probes on electrode surfaces to monitor the binding of target molecules. One of the protective drugs against hemorrhagic cystitis caused by oxazaphosphorine chemotherapy drugs such as ifosfamide, cyclophosphamide and trophosphamide is Mesna (sodium salt of 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate). The increase in the use of Mesna due to the high consumption of anti-cancer drugs, the determination of this drug in biological samples is of particular importance. So far, no electrochemical method has been reported to measure Mesna. In this research, a novel impedimetric sensor based on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/gold nanoparticle (AuNPs) (denoted as Au NPs/MWCNTs/GCE) for impedimetric determination of Mesna anticancer drug was developed. The modified electrode materials were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and EIS. The electrochemical behavior of Mesna at the surface of Au NPs/MWCNTs/GCE was studied by an impedimetric method. The detection mechanism of Mesna using the proposed impedimetric sensor relied on the increase in the Rct value of [Fe (CN)6]3−/4− as an electrochemical probe in the presence of Mesna compared to the absence of Mesna as the analyte. Under the optimum condition, which covered two linear dynamic ranges from 0.06 nmol L−1 to 1.0 nmol L−1 and 1.0 nmol L−1 to 130.0 µmol L−1, respectively. The detection limit was 0.02 nmol L−1. Finally, the performance of the proposed sensor was investigated for Mesna electrochemical detection in biological samples.

A brief review of in situ spectroscopic methods and electrochemical sensors as essential evaluation tools for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 (ElRC)

“…110 Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is a potent method frequently utilized in analytical chemistry to build electrochemical sensors. 111 EIS is an excellent approach for creating impedimetric sensors because it allows the observation of changes on the electrode surface without the use of labels. 112 However, degradation of the electrode happens after the reaction in ElRC and needs to be adjusted before each test.…”

Recent advances in graphene-based electroanalytical devices for healthcare applications

“…160 One of the hallmarks of EIS is its capacity to correlate the measured total impedance to equivalent circuit models comprised of multiple impedance components, such as interfacial charge transfer resistance due to Faradaic processes (R ct ), double layer capacitance (C dl ), Warburg impedance (Z w which is associated to mass transport/diffusion) -each providing important insights about the system under study. By modelling and fitting EIS data into these circuit components, a multitude of biosensors have been developed for a variety of applications including in vitro detection of analytes, [161][162][163] activation of ionic pumps in bacterial cells, 164 and mechanisms involved in the interaction of cells with environmental triggers such as cancer drugs, [165][166][167][168] antibiotics, 169,170 heat shock, 171 among others. A thorough overview of EIS-based biosensors can be found elsewhere.…”