Fabrication of Infrared Left‐Handed Metamaterials via Double Template‐Assisted Electrochemical Deposition

Abstract

Left-handed metamaterials (LHMs) have recently been the focus of both scientific and engineering communities. [1,2] Simultaneously possessing negative dielectric permittivity e and magnetic permeability m, LHMs exhibit unique electromagnetic properties compared with normal, right-handed materials while still obeying Maxwell's equation and not violating known physical laws.[3] Although obtaining the e < 0 response was relatively easy, the realization of m < 0 response beyond MHz has been a challenge, owing to the absence of naturally occurring magnetic materials. In the late 1990s, Pendry theoretically proposed that LHMs can be realized in a composite materials form consisting of metallic wires and split-ring resonators (SRRs) components. [4,5] It was shown that a grid of thin conducting wires can produce a negative permittivity near its plasmonic frequency, and that an array of SRRs can produce a negative permeability in the vicinity of a certain magnetic resonance frequency v m . Because the electric resonance frequency of metallic wires and magnetic resonance frequency of SRRs are mainly dependant on their structural parameters, left-handed behavior in a given frequency can be realized if the electric and magnetic resonance frequency drop into the same region through adjusting the structural parameters of the metallic wires and SRRs, respectively. Since the first realization and verification of an artificial LHM at microwave frequencies in 2000, [6] there have been numerous studies on various aspects of LHMs, seeking their inner physics and pursuing possible applications. At the same time, much effort has been put into the fabrication and investigation of LHMs at IR and visible light frequencies.

Single Negative Metamaterials in Unstructured Polymer Nanocomposites Toward Selectable and Controllable Negative Permittivity

“…[11][12][13] However, to the best of our knowledge, research has been rarely reported on negative permittivity or negative permeability directly obtained from conventionally fabricated materials. [14] On the other hand, truly practical applications aspire to large-scale, light-weight, deformable and efficiently processable metamaterials that are not fully realized by those costly and precisely designed structures, or metallic and ceramic materials. Based on the recent success and popularity of polymeric materials in fabricating large-area and flexible electronic devices, [15] it is compelling to consider the fabrication of polymeric metamaterials with the advantages mentioned above.…”

Manipulation of transmitted wave front using ultrathin planar acoustic metasurfaces

“…Besides, the fabrication of gradient index lens is relatively complicated, and they can only realize limited phase shifts. Recent investigations in metamaterials have opened up new avenues for manufacturing various novel devices [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13], in which the electromagnetic metasurface as a new approach has attracted tremendous interests of researchers [14][15][16][17][18][19]. The arbitrary modulation of electromagnetic waves could be realized just via ultrathin artificial composite materials, including bending of the direction of propagating waves, abnormal transmission and reflection, and planar lenses.…”

Multiple Pass‐Band Optical Left‐Handed Metamaterials Based on Random Dendritic Cells

“…[10] The samples exhibited a left-handed behavior at an infrared 1.85-mm wavelength. However, this method showed the shortcomings of a multi-step fabrication, such as the preparation of polystyrene (PS) and ZnO template, removal of the PS template, and deposition of the silver dendritic cells array, etc.…”

“…Figure 1a shows the model of an LHM composed of random dendritic cells and its structure parameters, which is different from the LHMs composed of periodic dendritic cells previously reported. [10][11][12][13][14] It is a sandwich-like structure composed of two layers of random dendritic cells and a dielectric interlayer. The dendritic cells of a large and small size are in a disordered array.…”