Fabrication of Lead‐Free (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9 Perovskite Photovoltaics in Ethanol Solvent

Li, Haijin; Wu, Congcong; Yan, Yongke; Chi, Bo; Pu, Jian; Li, Jian; Priya, Shashank

doi:10.1002/cssc.201701470

Cited by 40 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…[121] Worse still, even varying chemical potentials from the stoichiometric region does not eliminate the presence of deep defects. [132][133][134][135][136][137][138][139][140][141] Recently, Jain et al fabricated MA 3 Bi 2 I 9 nonperovskite films via the vapor assisted solution process by exposing the BiI 3 films to MA vapor. [121,129,130] Park et al [131] first examined 0D A 3 Bi 2 I 9 (A = Cs, MA) nonperovskites as light absorbers in solar cells with the regular mesoporous structure, where the A 3 Bi 2 I 9 films were prepared using the typical one-step spin coating method.…”

Section: D a 3 B(iii) 2 X 9 Nonperovskites (Dimer Phases)mentioning

confidence: 99%

From Lead Halide Perovskites to Lead‐Free Metal Halide Perovskites and Perovskite Derivatives

2019

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serious challenges due to the inclusion of toxic Pb and instability against moisture, heat, and irradiation. In recent years, significant efforts have been paid to develop Pb-free halide perovskite and perovskite derivative absorber materials. However, so far, solar cells based on these materials show significantly inferior performances as compared to their Pb halide perovskite counterparts. Herein, we provide reviews on the fundamental understandings of the photovoltaic properties from Pb halide perovskites to Pb-free metal halide perovskites and perovskite derivatives as well as the experimental results reported in the literature. The results suggest that replacing Pb by nontoxic elements may degrade the superior photovoltaic properties seen in Pb halide perovskites, explaining the fact that all reported solar cells based on Pb-free perovskites or perovskite derivatives show performances significantly lower than Pb halide perovskite solar cells. Overview: Approaches and Consequences of Pb ReplacementWe first provide an overview of the approaches and consequences of Pb replacement reported in the literature, as shown in Figure 1. In general, there are two categories for Pb replacement: using either homovalent elements such as Sn and Ge or heterovalent elements such as Bi and Sb. The heterovalent replacement category can be divided into two subcategories based on the ways to maintain the charge neutrality: ion-splitting and ordered vacancy. The ion-splitting subcategory can be further divided into mixed anion compounds with the formula of AB(Ch,X) 3 , where Ch represents a chalcogen element, and X represents a halogen element, and mixed cation compounds with a formula of A 2 B(I)B(III)X 6 , which are commonly called double perovskites. The ordered vacancy subcategory can also be divided into the B(III) compounds with a formula of A 3 ◻B(III)X 9 and the B(IV) compounds with a formula of A 2 ◻ B(IV)X 6 (the sign of ◻ indicates vacancy). Figure 1 also summarizes the photovoltaic properties and the stabilities of each group of materials, which provides a clear overview of the consequences of Pb replacement. While the homovalent replacement by Sn or Ge leads to instability, the heterovalent Pb replacement leads to degraded electronic properties mainly due to the reduction on electronic dimensionality. As a result, all the reported Pb-free perovskite and perovskite derivative solar Despite the exciting progress on power conversion efficiencies, the commercialization of the emerging lead (Pb) halide perovskite solar cell technology still faces significant challenges, one of which is the inclusion of toxic Pb. Searching for Pb-free perovskite solar cell absorbers is currently an attractive research direction. The approaches used for and the consequences of Pb replacement are reviewed herein. Reviews on the theoretical understanding of the electronic, optical, and defect properties of Pb and Pb-free halide perovskites and perovskite derivatives are provided, as well as the experimental results available in the literature....

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Section: D a 3 B(iii) 2 X 9 Nonperovskites (Dimer Phases)mentioning

confidence: 99%

From Lead Halide Perovskites to Lead‐Free Metal Halide Perovskites and Perovskite Derivatives

2019

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“…The fabricated MA 3 Bi 2 I 9 films are most suitable for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells than the pristine MA 3 Bi 2 I 9 films with pinholes . An enhanced open‐circuit voltage of 0.84 V is obtained in (MA) 3 Bi 2 I 9 perovskite by using ethanol as solvent . The film quality of (MA) 3 Bi 2 I 9 can be enhanced by high‐vacuum BiI 3 deposition and low‐vacuum transformation of BiI 3 to (MA) 3 Bi 2 I 9 .…”

Section: Lead‐free Perovskitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Substitutes for Replacement of Lead in Perovskite Solar Cells: A Review

Kour¹,

et al. 2019

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Lead halide perovskites have displayed the highest solar power conversion efficiencies of 23% but the toxicity issues of these materials need to be addressed. Lead‐free perovskites have emerged as viable candidates for potential use as light harvesters to ensure clean and green photovoltaic technology. The substitution of lead by Sn, Ge, Bi, Sb, Cu and other potential candidates have reported efficiencies of up to 9%, but there is still a dire need to enhance their efficiencies and stability within the air. A comprehensive review is given on potential substitutes for lead‐free perovskites and their characteristic features like energy bandgaps and optical absorption as well as photovoltaic parameters like open‐circuit voltage (VOC), fill factor, short‐circuit current density (J SC), and the device architecture for their efficient use. Lead‐free perovskites do possess a suitable bandgap but have low efficiency. The use of additives has a significant effect on their efficiency and stability. The incorporation of cations like diethylammonium, phenylethyl ammonium, phenylethyl ammonium iodide, etc., or mixed cations at different compositions at the A‐site is reported with engineered bandgaps having significant efficiency and stability. Recent work on the advancement of lead‐free perovskites is also reviewed.

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“…However, the fabrication of closed and coherent layers of MBI is still challenging . Recently, Li et al demonstrated significant improvements by dissolving methylammonium iodide (MAI) and BiI 3 in a MA‐containing solution of ethanol . Layers fabricated via spin coating exhibited superior performance and structural properties compared with a solution without MA, proving the positive influence of MA on crystal formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Methylammonium Bismuth Iodide Layers Employing Methylamine Vapor Exposure

Stümmler

Sanders

Mühlenbruch

et al. 2019

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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Methylammonium bismuth iodide (MBI) is a promising candidate for nontoxic perovskite solar cells because of its pronounced stability compared with other lead‐free compounds. Herein, the transformation of solution‐processed BiI3 to MBI employing an exposure to methylamine (MA) vapor is demonstrated. The MA process features a very fast reaction, short process times, and atmospheric‐pressure conditions. The reaction of BiI3 with MA is analyzed and discussed in detail, and the formation of MBI is confirmed via X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Devices based on MA‐treated solution‐deposited BiI3 show performance figures comparable to those of conventionally solution‐processed cells. In conclusion, the results of this study demonstrate that exposure to MA is a promising route toward a fast, versatile, and resource‐efficient production of MA cation based perovskites for solar cell modules.

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Fabrication of Lead‐Free (CH₃NH₃)₃Bi₂I₉ Perovskite Photovoltaics in Ethanol Solvent

Cited by 40 publications

References 30 publications

From Lead Halide Perovskites to Lead‐Free Metal Halide Perovskites and Perovskite Derivatives

From Lead Halide Perovskites to Lead‐Free Metal Halide Perovskites and Perovskite Derivatives

Potential Substitutes for Replacement of Lead in Perovskite Solar Cells: A Review

Fabrication of Methylammonium Bismuth Iodide Layers Employing Methylamine Vapor Exposure

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