Fabrication of Metal Nanoparticles from Fungi and Metal Salts: Scope and Application

Abstract

Fungi secrete enzymes and proteins as reducing agents which can be used for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles from metal salts. Large-scale production of nanoparticles from diverse fungal strains has great potential since they can be grown even in vitro. In recent years, various approaches have been made to maximize the yield of nanoparticles of varying shape, size, and stability. They have been characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffractometry, SEM/TEM, zeta potential measurements, UV-vis, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. In this review, we focus on the biogenic synthesis of metal nanoparticles by fungi to explore the chemistry of their formation extracellularly and intracellularly. Emphasis has been given to the potential of metal nanoparticles as an antimicrobial agent to inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungi, and on other potential applications.

Applying Taguchi design and large-scale strategy for mycosynthesis of nano-silver from endophytic Trichoderma harzianum SYA.F4 and its application against phytopathogens

“…The changes in extracellular fungal extract color from yellow to brown; indicated the formation of nano-Ag in the reaction mixture. This dark brown color is due to the surface plasmon resonance property of nano-Ag2. Many metals can be treated as free-electron system.…”

“…The success of nano-Ag biosynthesized as biocontrol agent depends not only the isolation, characterization and pathogenicity but also on the successful mass production of the fungal metabolites in lab263. Large scale availability of the fungal biomass is a primary requirement in the biosynthesis of nano-Ag programmed52830356264.…”

“…It is understood that the use of pesticides in agriculture is becoming more hazardous day by day. In order to replace such toxic materials by equally useful substances is an excellent choice, especially easily available metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) which are antimicrobial for most of the fungal and bacterial diseases in plants2. There are several methods reported for the synthesis of MNPs including physical, chemical and biological methods.…”

Leveraging the Attributes of Mucor hiemalis-Derived Silver Nanoparticles for a Synergistic Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Platform

“…However, the chemical reagents used normally for nanoparticles’ synthesis and stabilization are toxic and lead to non-ecofriendly by-products (Ingale and Chaudhari, 2013; Tripathi et al, 2016). Alternately, investigators have also proposed the use of microbial platforms as a “green” and sustainable substitute for nanoparticle synthesis (Nel et al, 2009; Siddiqi and Husen, 2016). Microbes have a promising role in the fabrication of nanoparticles due to their natural mechanism for detoxification of metal ions through reduction that can be achieved in an extra- or intracellular manner.…”

Comments on bacterial and fungal interactions in medicine, agriculture and the environment

“…The "green" method of employing bacteria, fungi and plants for biological nanoparticle production is a strategy that provides the latitude for synthesis in aqueous environments, with requirements for low energy and low pecuniary needs as well as their potential in these approaches in the environment of nanoparticle risk in environment and health (Pantidos & Horsfall, 2014). Currently, the focus has been on the potential of metal nanoparticles as an antimicrobial agent for the inhibition of the growth of pathogenic fungi and other potential uses (Siddiqi & Husen, 2016).…”