Fabrication of microfluidic systems in poly(dimethylsiloxane)

McDonald, J. Cooper; Duffy, David Cameron; Anderson, Janelle R.; Chiu, Daniel T.; Wu, Hongkai; Schueller, Olivier; Whitesides, George M.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1522-2683(20000101)21:1<27::aid-elps27>3.3.co;2-3

Cited by 977 publications

(1,304 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The microchannel was fabricated by polydimethylsiloxane ͑PDMS͒ using standard soft lithography. 18 The molded PDMS structure was clamped mechanically onto an indium tin oxide covered glass substrate that was dip coated with a hydrophobic Teflon layer ͑Ϸ6 m͒ as a dielectric beforehand. De-ionized water with dissolved NaCl ͑conductivity is 5-7 mS/cm͒ was used as dispersed phase.…”

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confidence: 99%

Electrowetting-enhanced microfluidic device for drop generation

Malloggi

Vanapalli

et al. 2008

Applied Physics Letters

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We integrated electrowetting into a microfluidic flow focusing device to study drop generation under the influence of electric fields. Using both the dispersed phase inlet pressure and the applied voltage as control parameters, we find that the range of drop sizes and the drop generation rate can be controlled in a much finer way than with hydrodynamics alone. In particular a “conical spray” regime occurring at a voltage of O(50 V) allows for continuous tuning of the (highly monodisperse) drop diameter from ≈5 to 50 μm at a fixed continuous flow rate.

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confidence: 99%

Electrowetting-enhanced microfluidic device for drop generation

Malloggi

Vanapalli

et al. 2008

Applied Physics Letters

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“…Microculture devices were produced by mixing PDMS (Sylgard 184; Dow Corning Corporation, Midland, MI) at a 10:1 (w/w) ratio of elastomer base to curing agent followed by degassing to remove residual air bubbles (McDonald et al 2000, Wlodkowic et al 2009). PDMS then was poured on a glass surface (e.g., Petri dish) to a thickness of 3-5 mm and cured thermally at 70° C for 2 h. Cured devices were diced using a scalpel blade and removed from the glass surface (Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All of these methods have drawbacks, such as lack of secure specimen universally available reagents and tools (McDonald et al 2000).…”

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confidence: 99%

Self-adhesive microculture system for extended live cell imaging

Skommer

McGuinness

Wlodkowic

2010

Biotechnic & Histochemistry

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Gas permeable and biocompatible soft polymers are convenient for biological applications. Using the soft polymer poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), we established a straightforward technique for in-house production of self-adhesive and optical grade microculture devices. A gas permeable PDMS layer effectively protects against medium evaporation, changes in osmolarity, contamination and drug diffusion. These chip-based devices can be used effectively for long term mammalian cell culture and support a range of bioassays used in pharmacological profiling of anti-cancer drugs. Results obtained on a panel of hematopoietic and solid tumor cell lines during screening of investigative anti-cancer agents corresponded well to those obtained in a conventional cell culture on polystyrene plates. The cumulative correlation analysis of multiple cell lines and anti-cancer drugs showed no adverse effects on cell viability or cell growth retardation during microscale static cell culture. PDMS devices also can be custom modified for many bio-analytical purposes and are interfaced easily with both inverted and upright cell imaging platforms. Moreover, PDMS microculture devices are suitable for extended real time cell imaging. Data from the multicolor, real time analysis of apoptosis on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells provided further evidence that elimination of redundant centrifugation/washing achieved during microscale real time analysis facilitates preservation of fragile apoptotic cells and provides dynamic cellular information at high resolution. Because only small reaction volumes are required, such devices offer reduced use of consumables as well as simplified manipulations during all stages of live cell imaging.

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“…PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane), a silicon-based organic polymer, attained widespread use because of the low cost, rapid and prototype-friendly fabrication, as well as optical transparency, malleability, and gas permeability (appropriate for some applications). 10,[71][72][73] Recently, plastic substrates such as PMMA [Poly(methyl methacrylate)], PS (polystyrene), and COC (cyclic olefin copolymer) have gained attention owing to low cost of fabrication (e.g., injection molding or hot embossing), a chemical resistance superior to PDMS, optical transparency, and low autofluorescence. [74][75][76] PDMS and plastic surfaces are relatively inert and lack functional groups (i.e., sites for protein attachment).…”

Section: Immobilization Surfacementioning

confidence: 99%

Protein immobilization techniques for microfluidic assays

2013

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Microfluidic systems have shown unequivocal performance improvements over conventional bench-top assays across a range of performance metrics. For example, specific advances have been made in reagent consumption, throughput, integration of multiple assay steps, assay automation, and multiplexing capability. For heterogeneous systems, controlled immobilization of reactants is essential for reliable, sensitive detection of analytes. In most cases, protein immobilization densities are maximized, while native activity and conformation are maintained. Immobilization methods and chemistries vary significantly depending on immobilization surface, protein properties, and specific assay goals. In this review, we present trade-offs considerations for common immobilization surface materials. We overview immobilization methods and chemistries, and discuss studies exemplar of key approaches—here with a specific emphasis on immunoassays and enzymatic reactors. Recent “smart immobilization” methods including the use of light, electrochemical, thermal, and chemical stimuli to attach and detach proteins on demand with precise spatial control are highlighted. Spatially encoded protein immobilization using DNA hybridization for multiplexed assays and reversible protein immobilization surfaces for repeatable assay are introduced as immobilization methods. We also describe multifunctional surface coatings that can perform tasks that were, until recently, relegated to multiple functional coatings. We consider the microfluidics literature from 1997 to present and close with a perspective on future approaches to protein immobilization.

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Fabrication of microfluidic systems in poly(dimethylsiloxane)

Cited by 977 publications

References 17 publications

Electrowetting-enhanced microfluidic device for drop generation

Electrowetting-enhanced microfluidic device for drop generation

Self-adhesive microculture system for extended live cell imaging

Protein immobilization techniques for microfluidic assays

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