Fabrication of microspherical Hexanitrostilbene (HNS) with droplet microfluidic technology

Han, Ruishan; Chen, Jianhua; Zhang, Fang; Wang, Yanlan; Zhang, Lei; Lu, Feipeng; Wang, Haifu; Chu, Enyi

doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2020.10.056

Cited by 41 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Impact plate initiation threshold expressed as initiation voltage or initiation energy, was used to judge the initiation ability of HNS. The up-and-down method and statistical methods for sensitivity tests were used to determine the 50% or 99.9% probability initiation voltage and initiation energy values [8] .The testing conditions are as follows: HNS-Ⅱ and HNS-IV were used to press the pharmaceutical column (φ×h=4.1mm×3.0mm), the mass of the column was 62mg, the charge pressure was 0.185±0.005MPa, and the charge density was 1.57±0.03g•cm -3 . The slapper detonator was assembled, and the explosion performance was tested by Langley method.…”

Section: Characterization and Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is relatively easy to initiate the explosive with the shock wave generated by EFI [5] . The pulverizing method of HNS mainly includes mechanical grinding method, air crushing method and super velocity method, solvent-non solvent method, droplet microfluidics, etc [6][7][8] .The solvent-non solvent method has the advantages of simple process, easy reaction control and high purity powder, small size distribution range, good performance and so on. However, this method is complicated and requires a large amount of use Toxic dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent, HNS/DMF system middle HNS can not be precipitated, which reduces the yield and produces new pollution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation and Properties of Ultra-fine HNS-IV

Lei

Shi

Wang

et al. 2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Ultra-fine 2,2’,4,4’,6,6’- Hexanitrostilbene (HNS-IV) was obtained by HNS-II by vibration cavity comminute. This method uses only alcohol and deionized water, which can be viewed as a green technology. The morphology, particle size, specific surface area, thermal decomposition property and the threshold energy for slapper detonator were compared between HNS-IV and HNS-II in this paper. Results show that after HNS pulverizing, the particle size decreased from 27.18μm to 1.44μm, the specific surface area increased from 0.73m2•g−1 to 9.10m2•g−1. DSC analysis shows that the decomposition peak temperature Td decreases and the melting temperature Tm increases after pulverizing. It is speculated that in the explosive reaction with very high heating rate, the enthalpy of decomposition will be increased by pulverizing, which will be more conducive to detonation growth and explosive reaction. According to the calculation of thermal decomposition kinetics, the decomposition and activation energy Ea of HNS decreases after pulverizing, and the thermal decomposition reaction rate of HNS-IV increases when the temperature is less than 409.6°C. The initiation threshold test of the impact plate shows that the 50% initiation threshold energy of HNS- II is 1.242J, and the 50% initiation threshold energy of HNS-IV is 0.558J, and the initiation threshold for slapper detonatorer is significantly reduced by 55%. This means that the ultra-fine HNS-IV is very suitable as the main ingredient in the booster in the EFI initiation.

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Section: Characterization and Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Properties of Ultra-fine HNS-IV

Lei

Shi

Wang

et al. 2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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“…Referring to the commonly used test method for the fluidity of explosives [10] , drop 1g sample loosely loaded into a glass funnel with an inclination of 45 degrees and a port diameter of 4mm at a height of 5cm, and judge the fluidity through the angle of repose. By comparing the fluidity of the sample with that of the mechanical mixture of the same composition, it is measured that the repose angle of the thermite obtained by mechanical mixing is 48.8°and that of the spherical thermite obtained by spray method is 22.9°.…”

Section: Fluidity Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and properties of spherical super thermite for 3D printing of energetic materials

Zhang

Xia

et al. 2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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3D printing technology is a new rapid prototyping technology that has attracted much attention since its inception. It is promising to apply 3D printing technology to energetic materials. However, the 3D printing of energetic materials requires high raw materials, and there is no suitable thermite powder as the printing raw materials at present. In this paper, Al@CuO energetic composites with single core spherical core-shell structure were prepared by spray drying method. The prepared powder was confirmed to have a single core spherical core-shell structure by SEM/EDS/XRD, and it was proved to have good fluidity by the fluidity test. High-speed photographic ignition tests show that the Al@CuO Micron spheres have excellent energy release performance and can be used as burning rate catalysts. In addition, this method has the advantages of simple operation, good process performance, mass preparation, and can be applied to the thermite system of most metal oxides (such as Bi2O3, Fe2O3).

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“…HNS is a heat-resistant and insensitive energetic material with high surface energy and low sphericity. , Because of its low solubility in common organic solvents, researchers managed to predict the optimum solvent systems for HNS recrystallization using solubility theory combined thermodynamic properties determination . All solutions selected have been proved to exhibit endothermic enthalpies and positive entropies of mixing.…”

Section: Dissolution Thermodynamics In Organic Solvent Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Equilibrium and Thermodynamics Studies on Dissolving Processes of Energetic Compounds: A Brief Review

Tang²,

Fu³

et al. 2021

Crystal Growth & Design

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Crystallization engineering as one of the most typical modification technologies for energetic materials (EMs) has attracted more and more attention due to its facileness and cost-effectiveness. As preliminary and basic research, dissolution thermodynamics is of great significance for crystal quality control during the crystallization process, from which information on the dependence of the solubility on temperature, the metastable zone width, ternary phase diagrams, and thermodynamic parameters can be obtained. The solvent type, solution concentration, temperature, as well as crystallization method could be determined, which are crucial and fundamental factors affecting the crystal habit and structure of EMs. This review focuses on the recent advances on studies of the solid−liquid equilibrium, solubility measurements, correlation of solubility data via different empirical/semiempirical models, calculation of thermodynamic parameters of pure EMs, energetic cocrystals, and some novel energetic compounds and salts as typical examples. This review is narrated based on the diverse solvent systems, such as pure/binary organic solvents, ionic liquids, supercritical fluids, acid/alkaline solutions, and melting systems, based on which further research directions are proposed. This short review on the dissolution thermodynamics of EMs aims to provide researchers with meaningful information on the reliable implementation of crystallization experiments for desired crystal morphologies and structures.

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Fabrication of microspherical Hexanitrostilbene (HNS) with droplet microfluidic technology

Cited by 41 publications

References 30 publications

Preparation and Properties of Ultra-fine HNS-IV

Preparation and Properties of Ultra-fine HNS-IV

Preparation and properties of spherical super thermite for 3D printing of energetic materials

Phase Equilibrium and Thermodynamics Studies on Dissolving Processes of Energetic Compounds: A Brief Review

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