can be a very dangerous disorder in the body. In addition, nitrite may react with amines in the body and be converted to N-nitrosamines, which are a major cause of gastric cancer and high blood pressure. [3] In addition, unauthorized amounts of nitrite in the body lead to serious damage to the spleen, kidneys, [4] and nervous systems. [5] However, it should be noted that the permitted levels of nitrite can undoubtedly be useful for public health in food industries. Nitrite is widely used as a preservative in foodstuffs, [6] and also its use in some blood pressure medications is notable. As well, compounds containing nitrite as stainless steel have been used in industry and agriculture as fertilizer. [7,8] According to above mentioned points, due to dangers of increasing the level of nitrite in drinking water and body fluids, detecting ultra-levels of the nitrite should be very momentous.So far, various methods such as spectrophotometry, [9] chromatography, [10] and chemiluminescence [11] have been proposed to detect trace amounts of nitrite in food and drinking water. Most of these methods require complex equipment and sample pretreatment and are generally time-consuming and expensive with poor repeatability. The use of electrochemical sensors due to their simplicity, high sensitivity, inexpensiveness, repeatability, and stability should be a suitable strategy for nitrite detection in real samples.
The detection of nitrite as a challenging compound in food industrieshas always been a necessity. To this purpose, herein, two transition metal oxidebased nanocatalysts, NiO-Co 3 O 4 (NC) and its reduced graphene hybridized form, NiO-Co 3 O 4 -rGO (NCR), are synthesized by a hydrothermal method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) mapping. The synthesized materials are exploited to modify a glassy carbon electrode and fabricate an effective sensor for nitrite detection in real samples through differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). NCR shows excellent sensitivity (40.44 µA per dec), very low limit of detection (20 × 10 -9 m), significant accuracy, and good stability at the wide range of nitrite ions (100-500 × 10 -9 m) in real samples.