“…This process aims to generate artificial antibodies, often called plastibodies, which exhibit molecular recognition capabilities in bioanalytical applications [10][11][12][13]. Although MIPs for low-molecular-weight substances like pharmaceuticals, narcotic drugs, amino acids, toxins, sugars, and pesticides have been successfully prepared, it is still challenging for biomacromolecules like proteins or viruses due to their structural complexity and fragility under MIP preparation conditions [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. However, increasing attention has been paid to the fabrication of MIPs due to their ease of preparation, cost-effectiveness, and stability under various conditions like extreme pHs, high temperatures, or organic solvents.…”